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Encyclopedia Britannica



POITOU

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 899 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PIG-POL
POITOU , one of the old provinces of France, which also formed one of the
great
  military governments of the kingdom, was bounded on the N. by Brittany, Anjou and Touraine; on the S. by Angoumois and Aunis; on the E. by Touraine, Berri and
Marche
 ; and on the W. by the ocean. It was divided into Lower Poitou, which corresponded to the modern department of La Vendee, and Upper Poitou, now split into the departments of Deux-Sevres and Vienne. The
principal
  towns in Upper Poitou were Poitiers the
capital
 , Mirebeau, Chitellerault, Richelieu, Loudun, Thouars, Mauleon,
Parthenay
 ,
Niort
 , &c.; and in Lower Poitou Fontenay-le-Comte, Maillezais, Lucon and Roche-sur-Yon. Ile d'Yeu or tle-Dieu and Noirmoutier belonged to the province. Ecclesiastically, Poitou was a diocese which was broken up in 1317 to form two new dioceses of Lugon and Maillezais; the seat of the latter was transferred in the 17th century to La Rochelle. For the administration of justice, Poitou was attached to the parlement of Paris. After 778 it formed part of the domain of the
counts
  of Poitiers (q.v.). Poitou (Poictou, Pictavia) takes its name from the Pictones or Pictavi, a Gallic nation mentioned by Caesar, Strabo and
Ptolemy
 , and described by Strabo as separated from the Namnetes on the north by the Loire. It formed part of the territory known as Aquitaine (q.v.).
For the history see the Memoires of the Societe des Antiquaires de l'Ouest (1835 sqq.) and the documents published by the Archiveshistoriques du Poitou (1872 sqq.) ; also the Dictionnaire topographique de la Vienne, by L. Redet (1881).


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