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Encyclopedia Britannica



PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 834 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PIG-POL
PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii) , a
term
  used loosely in
ordinary
  language as practically synonymous with " enjoyment." As such it is applied equally to what are known as the " higher " or " intellectual " pleasures, and to purely " sensual," " animal " or "
lower
  " pleasures. The conditions under which a man is pleased are the subject both or psychological and of ethical investigation. In general it may be said that pleasure and pain follow respectively upon the success of the failure of some effort, mental or
physical
  (see
PSYCHOLOGY
 ); they may also attend upon purely passive sensations, e.g. a warm sun, a heavy shower, or upon associations with previous states of mind (i.e. a man may enjoy a sensation which is intrinsically painful, if it has pleasant associations). Recognition of the fact that mankind seeks pleasure and avoids pain has led some moralists to the conclusion that all human conduct is actuated by hedonic considerations: this is the direct
antithesis
  to ethical theories which maintain an
absolute
  criterion of right and wrong (see HEDONISM; ETHICS).
Aristotle
  took a
middle
  view, holding that pleasure, though not the end of virtuous action yet necessarily follows upon it (E7re'yevbevbv rl i-iXoc).


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