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Encyclopedia Britannica



PLAY

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 831 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PIG-POL
PLAY , a word of which the
primary
  meaning is that of free or active
movement
  or exercise. The O. Eng. plegan or plegian, from which comes the substantive plega, play, is apparently cognate with Ger. pflcgen, to take care or charge of, and Pflege, care, and the connexion in sense is to be found in the
primary
  meaning, that of exercise or active
movement
 . In its primary meaning " play " is used of the rapid changing movement of light and colour, and also figuratively of thought or
fancy
 , and specifically of the free movement of parts of a mechanism on each other, of a
joint
  or limb, &c. To play a musical
instrument
  is to move the fingers upon it, and until the 18th
century
  the verb was intransitive, and " on " or " upon " was always used with the name of the
instrument
 . The very general use of the word for
sport
 , game or amusement, is an early and easy development from the meaning of active movement or exercise as a recreation after
work
 ; that of a dramatic performance (see DRAMA) is very early; the New
English
  Dictionary quotes from, King Alfred's Orosius (c. 893).
The primitive play instinct or play impulse in man has been much discussed in
recent
  years by psychologists in connexion with child-study (see CHILD), and with the expression of the emotions (see J. Sully, On Laughter, 1902, &c.; also AESTHETICS). See generally Carl Groos, The Play of Animals (1898) and The Play of Man (1901) ; and Baldwin's Diet. of Philosophy, s.v.


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