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Encyclopedia Britannica



PLANUDES, MAXIMUS (c. 1260-1330)

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 783 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PIG-POL
PLANUDES, MAXIMUS (c. 1260-1330) , Byzantine grammarian and theologian, flourished during the reigns of Michael VIII. and Andronicus II: Palaeologi. He was born at
Nicomedia
  in Bithynia, but the greater part of his life was spent in Constantinople, where as a monk he devoted himself to studyand teaching. On entering the monastery he changed his
original
  name Manuel to Maximus. Planudes possessed a knowledge of Latin remarkable at a time when Rome and Italy were regarded with hatred and contempt by the Byzantines. To this accomplishment he probably owed his selection as one of the ambassadors sent by Andronicus II. in 1327 to remonstrate with the Venetians for their attack upon the Genoese
settlement
  in Pera. A more important result was that Planudes, especially by his translations, paved the way for the introduction of the Greek language and literature into the West.
He was the author of numerous works; notably a Greek grammar in the form of question and answer,like the ' Epurltara of Moschopulus, with an appendix on the so-called " political " verse; a treatise on syntax; a biography of Aesop and a
prose
  version of the fables; scholia on certain Greek authors ; two hexameter poems, one a eulogy of
Claudius
  Ptolemaeus, the other an account of the sudden
change
  of an ox into a mouse; a treatise on the method of calculating in use amongst the Indians (ed. C. J.
Gerhardt
 ,
Halle
 , 1865) ; and scholia to the first two books of the Arithmetic of Diophantus. His numerous translations from the Latin included Cicero's Somnium Scipionis with the commentary of Macrobius: Caesar's Gallic War; Ovid's Heroides'and Metamorphoses; Boetius, De consolatione philosophiae; Augustine, De trinitate. These translations were very popular during the middle ages as textbooks for the study of Greek. It is, however, as the editor and compiler of the collection of
minor
  poems known by his name (see
ANTHOLOGY
 : Greek) that he is chiefly remembered.
See Fabricius, Bibliotheca graeca, ed. Harles, xi. 682; theological writings in Migne, Patrologia graeca, cxlvii; correspondence, ed. M. Treu (1890), with a valuable commentary; K. Krumbacher, Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur (1897) ; J. E. Sandys, Hist. of Class. Schol. (1906), vol. i.


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