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Encyclopedia Britannica



PITTANCE (through O. Fr. pitance, from Lat. pietas, loving-Kindness)

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 678 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PIG-POL
PITTANCE (through O. Fr. pitance, from Lat. pietas, loving-Kindness) , properly a
gift
  to the members of a religious
house
  for masses, consisting usually of an extra allowance of food or wine on occasions such as the anniversary of the donor's death, festivals and the like. The word was early transferred to a charitable donation and to any small
gift
  of food or money.
PITT-RIVERS,
AUGUSTUS
 
HENRY
  LANE-FOX (1827-1900), English soldier and archaeologist, son of W. A. Lane-Fox, was born on the 14th of April 1827. It was not till 188o that he assumed the name of Pitt-Rivers, on inheriting the Dorsetshire and Wiltshire estates of his
great
 -uncle, the second Lord Rivers. Educated at Sandhurst, he received a commission in - the Grenadier Guards in 1845, being captain 185o, lieutenant-colonel 1857, colonel 1867, major-general 1877 and lieutenant-general 1882. He served in the Crimean War, and was at the Alma and the siege of Sebastopol. His talent for experimental research was utilized in investigation into
improvements of the army rifle, and he was largely responsible for starting the Hythe School of Musketry. It is not, how-ever, for his military career, but for his
work
  as an anthropologist and archaeologist, that General Pitt-Rivers will be remembered. His
interest
  in the evolution of the rifle early extended itself to other weapons and
instruments
  in the history of man, and he became a collector of articles illustrating the development of human invention. His collection became famous, and, after being exhibited in 1874-1875 at the Bethnal Green Museum, was presented in 1883 to the university of Oxford. When, in 188o, General Pitt-Rivers obtained possession of his
great
 -uncle's estatespractically untouched by the excavator since they had been the battleground of the West
Saxons
 , the Romans and the Britonshe devoted himself to exploring them. His excavations round Rushmore resulted in valuable " finds "; he founded a local museum and published several illustrated volumes. As a scientific archaeologist he attained high rank. Oxford gave him the D.C.L. in 1886; he was president of the Anthropological Institute, and F.R.S. He married, in 1853, Alice Margaret, daughter of the second Lord Stanley of Alderley, and had a numerous family; his second daughter became in 1884 the wife of Sir John Lubbock (Lord Avebury). General Pitt-Rivers died at Rushmore on the 4th of May 1900.


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