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Encyclopedia Britannica



PISTACHIO NUT

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 653 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PIG-POL
PISTACHIO NUT , the fruit of Pistacia
vera
  (natural order Anacardiaceae), a small tree which is a native of Syria and generally cultivated in the Mediterranean region. Although a delicious nut and much prized by the Greeks and other Eastern nations, it is not well known in Britain. It is not so large as a hazel nut, but is rather longer and much thinner, and the shell is covered with a somewhat wrinkled skin. The pistachio nut is the species named in Gen. xliii. 11 (Heb. inh, Ar. botm) as forming
part
  of the present which Joseph's brethren took with them from
Canaan
 , and in
Egypt
  it is still often placed along with sweetmeats and the like in presents of courtesy. The small nut of Pistacia Lentiscus, not larger than a cherry stone, also comes from Smyrna,
Constantinople
  and
Greece
 . P. Lentiscus is the mastic tree, a native of the Mediterranean region, forming a shrub or small tree with
evergreen
  pinnatelycompound leaves with a winged stalk. " Mastic " (from masticare, to chew) is an aromatic resinous exudation obtained by making incisions in the hark. It is chiefly produced in
Asia
 
Minor
  and is used by the Turks as a chewing gum. It is also used as a varnish for pictures. P. Terebinthus, the Cyprus turpentine tree, a native of southern Europe,
Asia
 
Minor
  and North Africa, yields turpentine from incisions in the trunk. A
gall
  is produced on this tree, which is used in dyeing and tanning.


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