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Encyclopedia Britannica



PIMENTO

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 615 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PIG-POL
PIMENTO , also called ALLSPICE (from a supposed combination
of various flavours) and JAMAICA PEPPER, the dried immature
fruit
  of Eugenia pimenta or Pimenta officinalis, an
evergreen
  tree
about 30 ft. high, belonging to the natural order Myrtaceae.
It is indigenous in the West
India
  Islands, growing on
limestone
 
hills near the sea, and is especially grown in Jamaica. The spice
derives its name from the Portuguese pimenta, Spanish pimienta,
pepper, which was given to it from its _resemblance to
21
pepper-corns. The berries are gathered in July and August, when of full size, but still unripe--the small branches bearing
fruit
  being broken off and dried in the sun and air for some days, when the stalks are removed and the berries are ready for packing. These owe their aromatic properties to an essential oil present to the extent of 3 to 41% and consisting largely of eugenol or allyl guaiacol, HO(CH3O)C6H3C3H5. The
chief
  use of pimento is as a spice. The oil, the action of which resembles that of
cloves
 , is occasionally used in
medicine
 , and is also employed in perfuming soaps. The " bay rum " used as a toilet
article
  is a
tincture
  scented with the oil of the leaves of an allied
species
 , Pimenta acris, commonly known as the bayberry tree.


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