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Encyclopedia Britannica



PHRAORTES

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 534 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PER-PIG
PHRAORTES , the Greek form of Fravartish, king of Media. According to
Herodotus
  (i. 102) he was the son of Deioces, and began the Median conquests. He first subjugated the Persians, and then a
great
  many other peoples of
Asia
 , till at last he attacked the Assyrians, but was defeated and killed in a battle, after a reign of twenty-two years (about 646-625 B.C.; but perhaps, as G. Rawlinson supposes, the fifty-three years of Deioces ought in reality to be transferred to him). From other sources we obtain no information whatever about Phraortes; but the data of the Assyrian
inscriptions
  prove that Assur-banipal (see BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA), at least during the greater
part
  of his reign, maintained the Assyrian supremacy in Western
Asia
 , and that in 645 he conquered
Susa
 . The Medians too were subject to him as far as the Elburz and the central Iranian desert.
When after the assassination of Smerdis all the Iranian tribes, the Babylonians and the Armenians rebelled against Darius and the Persian
rule
 , "a man of the name of Fravartish (i.e. Phraortes), a Mede, rebelled in Media and spoke to the
people
  thus: I am Khshathrita, of the family of Uvakhshatra (Cyaxares)." He reigned for a short time, but was defeated by Hydarnes, and afterwards by Darius himself, taken prisoner in Rhagae (Rai), and executed in
Ecbatana
  (520 B.C.; see inscription of Darius at Behistun). (ED. M.)


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