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Encyclopedia Britannica



PHENOLPHTHALEIN

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 365 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PER-PIG
PHENOLPHTHALEIN , in organic
chemistry
 , a compound derived from phthalophenone, or
diphenyl
  phthalide (
formula
  I.), the anhydride of triphenyl-carbinol-ortho-carboxylic acid, which is obtained by condensing phthalyl chloride with
benzene
  in the presence of
aluminium
  chloride. The phthaleins are formed from this anhydride by the entrance of hydroxyl or amino groups into the two phenyl residues, and are prepared by condensing phenols with
phthalic
  anhydride, phenol itself giving rise to phenolphthalein (
formula
  II.) together with a small quantity of fluorane (formula III.), whilst resorcin under similar conditions yields
fluorescein
  (q.v.). The phthaleins on reduction yield phthalines, which are derivatives of triphenylmethane carboxylic acid; these reduction products are colourless and may be regarded as the leuco-compounds of the phthaleins,
hus phenolphthalein itself gives phenolphthaline (formula IV.). Dehydrating agents usually convert the phenolphthalines into anthraquinone derivatives.
C6H4/CPh2\ 0 C6Ha/C(C6H4 OH)z\
`0, C6Ha/C[CsH4120\0


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