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Encyclopedia Britannica



PHENACITE

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 364 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PER-PIG
PHENACITE , a
mineral
  consisting of beryllium orthosilicate, Be2SiO4, occasionally used as a gem-stone. It occurs as isolated crystals, which are rhombohedral with parallel-faced hemihedrism, and are either lenticular or prismatic in habit: the lenticular habit is determined by the development of faces of several obtuse rhombohedra and the absence of prism faces (the accompanying figure is a plan of such a crystal viewed along the triad, or principal,
axis
 ). There is no cleavage, and the fracture is conchoidal. The hardness is high, being 718; the specific gravity is 2.98. The crystals are sometimes perfectly colourless and transparent, but more often they are greyish or yellowish and only translucent; occasion-ally they are
pale
  rose-red. In general
appearance
  the
mineral
  is not unlike quartz, for which indeed it had been mistaken; on this account it was named, by N. Nordenskiold in 1833, from Gr. OivaE (a deceiver).
Phenacite has long been known from the
emerald
  and chrysoberyl mine on the Takovaya stream, near Ekaterinburg in the Urals, where large crystals occur in mica-schist. It is also found with
topaz
  and amazon-stone in the granite of the Ilmen mountains in the southern Urals and of the Pike's
Peak
  region in Colorado. Large crystals of prismatic habit have more recently been found in a felspar quarry at Kragero in Norway. Framont near Schirmeck in
Alsace
  is another well-known locality. Still larger crystals, measuring 12 in. in
diameter
  and weighing 28 lb, have been found at
Greenwood
  in Maine, but these are pseudomorphs of quartz after phenacite.
For gem purposes the stone is cut in the brilliant form, of which there are two fine examples, weighing 43 and 34 carats, in the British Museum. The indices of refraction (w=1.6540, e=1.6527) are higher than those of quartz, beryl or
topaz
 ; a faceted phenacite is consequently rather brilliant and may sometimes be mistaken for diamond. (L. J. S.)


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