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Encyclopedia Britannica



PHARMACOSIDERITE

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 355 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PER-PIG
PHARMACOSIDERITE , a
mineral
  species consisting of hydrated basic ferric arsenate, 2FeAsO4 Fe(OH)3.5H2O. Crystals have the form of small, sharply defined cubes of an olive- or grass-green colour, and occur together in considerable numbers on the matrix of the specimens. On account of its cubic form the
mineral
  was early known as "
cube
  ore " (Ger., Wilrfelerz); the name pharmacosiderite, given by J. F. L. Hausmann in 1813, alludes to the arsenic and iron present (4 fipaaKov, poison, and rL pos, iron). The faces of the
cube
  are striated parallel to one
diagonal
 , and alternate corners are sometimes replaced by faces of a tetrahedron. The crystals are feebly doubly refracting, and in polarized light exhibit a banded structure parallel to the cube faces. The hardness is 22 and the specific gravity 2.8.
Recent
  analyses prove the presence of a small but variable amount of potassium (K20, 2.684.13%) in the Cornish crystals, though in those from
Hungary
  there isonly a trace; this constituent appears to take the place of basic hydrogen in the above
formula
 . A curious property is to be observed when a crystal of pharmacosiderite is placed in a solution of ammoniain a few minutes the green colour changes throughout the whole crystal to red; on placing the red crystal in dilute hydrochloric acid the green colour is restored. Natural crystals are sometimes honey-yellow to brown in colour, but this appears to be due to alteration.
Pharmacosiderite is a mineral of secondary origin, the crystals occurring attached to gozzany quartz in the upper part of veins of copper ore. It was found in some abundance at the end of the 18th century in the copper mines of the St Day
district
  in
Cornwall
 , and has since been found at a few other localities, for example, at
Konigsberg
  near Schemnitz in
Hungary
 , and in the Tintic
district
  in Utah. (L. J. S.)


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