PHAEDO

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 341 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PER-PIG

PHAEDO ,

Greek

GREEK
GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

philosopher, founder of the Elian school, was a native of

Elis

, born in the last years of the 5th

century

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

B.C. In the war of 401400 between

Sparta

SPARTA (Gr. Eirapril or AaKe5atycav)

and

Elis

he was taken prisoner and became a slave in Athens, where his beauty brought him notoriety. He became a

pupil

PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

of Socrates, who conceived a warm affection for him. It appears that he was intimate with Cebes and Plato, and he gave his name to one of Plato's dialogues. Athenaeus relates, however, that he resolutely declined responsibility for any of the views with which Plato credits him, and that the relations between him and Plato were the

reverse

REVERSE

of friendly. Aeschines also wrote a dialogue called Phaedo. Shortly after the death of Socrates Phaedo returned to Elis, where his disciples included Anchipylus, Moschus and Pleistanus, who succeeded him. Subsequently

Menedemus

MENEDEMUS

and Asclepiades transferred the school to Eretria, where it was known as the Eretrian school and is frequently identified (e.g. by Cicero) with the Megarians. The doctrines of Phaedo are not known, nor is it possible to infer them from the Platonic dialogue. His writings, none of which are preserved, were in the form of dialogues. As to their authenticity nothing is known, in spite of an attempt at selection by

Panaetius

PANAETIUS (c. 185-18o to I10-108 B.C.)

(Diog. Laert. ii. 64), who maintains that the Zopyrus and the Simon are genuine.

Seneca

SENECA

has preserved one of his dicta (Epist. 94. 41), namely that one method of acquiring virtue is to frequent the society of good men.
See Wilamowitz,

Hermes

HERMES
HERMES, GEORG (1775-1831)

, xiv. 189 seq.

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