PFLEIDERER, OTTO (18391908)

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 340 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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PFLEIDERER, OTTO (18391908) , German

Protestant

PROTESTANT

theologian, Was born at Stetten near Cannstadt in Wurttemberg on the 1st of September 1839. From 1857 to 1861 he studied at Tubingen under F. C. Baur; and afterwards in England and

Scotland

. He then entered the ministry, became repetent at Tubingen, and for a short time held a pastorate at Heilbronn (1868). In 187o he became

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

pastor and superintendent at Jena and soon afterwards professor ordinarius of theology, but in 1875 he was called to the chair of systematic theology at Berlin, having made his name by a

series

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

of articles on New Testament criticism and Johannine and Pauline theology, which appeared in Adolf Hilgenfeld's Zeitschrift fur wissenschaflliche Theologie, and by his Der Paulinismus, published in 1873 (2nd ed., 189o; Eng. trans., Paulinism: a Contribution to the History of Primitive Christian Theology, 2 vols., 1873, &c.). Das Urchristentum, seine Schriften and Lehren, in geschichtlicheni Zusammenhang beschrieben was published in 1878 and considerably enlarged for a second edition in 1902 -(Eng. trans., 1906). In 1890 appeared The Development of Theology since Kant, and its Progress in

Great

GREAT

Britain since 1825, which was written for publication in England. A more elaborate

work

WORK

was his Religionsphilosophie auf geschichtlichen Grundlage (1878; 2nd ed., enlarged, 18831884; Eng. trans., from 2nd German ed., The Philosophy of Religion on the Basis of its History, 4 vols., 1886-1888). " The Influence of the Apostle Paul on the Development of Christianity " was the title of a course of Hibbert Lectures given in London in 1885. In 1894 he delivered the

Gifford

Lectures at Edinburgh, the subject being " The Philosophy and Development of Religion." His later publications included: The Early Christian Conception of Christ (1905), Die Entstehung des Christentums (1905 ; Eng. trans., 1906), Religion und Religionen (1906; Eng, trans., 1907), and Die Entwicklung des Christentums (1907). He died on the 18th of July 1908, at

Gross

GROSS

Lichterfelde, near Berlin. In New Testament criticism Pfleiderer belonged to the

critical

CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

school which grew out of the impulse given by F. C. Balir. But, like other modern German theologians, he showed a greater disposition to compromise. All his

work

WORK

shows a judicial tone of mind, and is remarkable for the charm of its style.
Pfleiderer's younger brother EDMUND (18421902) distinguished himself both in philosophy and theology. He too entered the ministry (1864) and during the Franco-German War served as army chaplain, an experience described in his Erlebnisse nines Feldgeistlichen (189o). He was afterwards appointed professor ordinarius of philosophy at

Kiel

KIEL

(1873), and in 1878 he was elected to the philosophical chair at Tubingen. He published works on Leibnitz, empiricism and scepticism in Hume's philosophy, modern pessimism, Kantic criticism, English philosophy, Heraclitus of Ephesus and many other subjects.

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