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Encyclopedia Britannica



PETRIE, WILLIAM MATTHEW FLINDERS (1853 )

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 316 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PER-PIG
PETRIE, WILLIAM MATTHEW FLINDERS (1853 ) , English egyptologist, was born at Charlton on the 3rd of June 1853, being the son of William Petrie, C.E. His mother was the daughter of Captain
Matthew
  Flinders, the Australian explorer. He took an early
interest
  in archaeological research, and between 1875 and 188o was busily engaged in studying ancient British remains at Stonehenge and elsewhere; in 188o he published his book on Stonehenge, with an account of his theories on this subject. He was also much interested in ancient weights and
measures
 , and in 1875 published a
work
  on Inductive Metrology. In 1881 he began a long
series
  of important surveys and excavations in
Egypt
 , beginning with the pyramids at Giza, and following up his
work
  there by excavations at the
great
  temple at Tanis (1884), and discovering and exploring the long-lost Greek city of Naucratis in the Delta (1885), and the towns of Am and Daphnae (1886), where he found important remains of the time when they were inhabited by the Pharaohs. Between 1888 and 1890 he was at work in the Fayum, opening up Hawara, Kahun and Lachish; and in 1891 he discovered the ancient temple at Medum. Much of this work was done in connexion with the Palestine Exploration Fund. By this time his reputation was established. He published in 1893 his Ten Years' Diggings in
Egypt
 , was given the honorary degree of D.C.L. by Oxford, and was appointed Edwards Professor of Egyptology at University College, London. In 1894 he founded the Egyptian Research Account, which in 1905 was reconstituted as the British School of Archaeology in Egypt (not to be confused with the Egypt Exploration Fund, founded 1892). Perhaps the most important work which the School has accomplished has been the investigation of the site of Memphis (q.v.)
The extent as well as the chronological order of Professor Petrie's excavations may best be shown by a
list
  of his works.


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