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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PER-PIG |
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PETER LOMBARD (c. 11oo-c. 116o) , bishop of Paris, better known as Magister sententiarum, the son of obscure parents, was born about the beginning of the 12th century, at Novara
Bernard
Victor . He soon became known as a teacher, and obtained a theological chair in the cathedral school. His famous textbook, the Sententiae, was written between 1145 and 1150. On the 29th of June 1159 he became bishop of Paris. The accounts of his bishopric are satisfactory. There is a charge that he was guilty of simony, having received his office through the favour of Philip, brother of Louis VII., his former pupil. The date of his death is uncertain. According to one account he died on the loth of July 116o, and as Maurice de Sully became bishop that year the statement seems probable. Yet there is evidence for a later date, and he may have been set aside for simony.His famous theological handbook, Sententiarum libri quatuor, is, as the title implies, primarily a collection of opinions of the fathers, " sententiae patrum." These are arranged, professedly on the basis of the aphorism of Augustine, Lombard's favourite authority, that " omnis doccrina vel rerum est vel signorum," into four books, of which the first treats of God, the second of the creature, the third of the incarnation, the work
Victor is also marked. The relation to the " sentences " of a Gandulph of Bologna (still unpublished) has not been established. The most important thing in the book was its crystallization of the doctrine concerning the sacramental system, by the definite assertion of the doctrine of the seven sacraments, and the acceptance of a definition of sacrament
Besides the Sententiae, Lombard wrote numerous commentaries (e.g. on the Psalms, Canticles, Job, the Gospel Harmony, and the Pauline Epistles), sermons and letters, which still exist in MS. The Glossae seu commentarius in psalmos Davidis, were first published at Paris in 1533. Lombard's collected works have been published in J. P. Migne's Patrologie latine, Tome 191 and 192. See also Denifle and Chatelain, Chartularium universitatis parisiensis, Tome i. (Paris, 1889) ; Protois, Pierre Lombard, son epoque, sa vie, ses ecrits, son influence (Paris, 1881) ; Kogel, Petrus Lombard in seiner Stellung zur Philosophic des Mittelalters ( Leipzig
Herzog
Leipzig
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