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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PER-PIG |
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PERRY, MATTHEW CALBRAITH (17941858) , American naval officer, was born in South Kingston, Rhode Island, on the loth of April 1794. He became a midshipman in 1809, and served successively in the schooner " Revenge " (then commanded by his brother, Oliver H. Perry) and the frigate " President." In 1813 he became a lieutenant, and during the War of 1812 served in the frigate " United States " (which, when abandoned by Perry, was blockaded in the harbour of New London, Connecticut), the " President " and the " Chippewa." Soon after the war Perry was assigned to the Brooklyn (New York
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Commodore Perry's distinctive achievement, however, was his negotiation in 1854 of the treaty between the United States and Japan, which opened Japan to the influences of western civilization. Perry sailed from Norfolk, Virginia, on the 24th of November 1852, in the " Mississippi." He reached Hong-Kong on the 7th of April and on the 8th of July dropped anchor off the city of Uraga, on the western shore of the Bay of Yedo with the " Susquehanna," his flagship, the " Mississippi," and the sloops-of-war " Saratoga " and " Plymouth." On the 14th of July, accompanied by his officers and escorted by a body of armed marines and sailors (in all about Soo men), he went ashore and presented to commissioners especially appointed by the shogun
spring to receive the emperor's reply. On the I1th of February, accordingly, he reappeared in the Bay of Yedo with his fleetthis time composed of the " Susquehanna," " Powhatan " and " Mississippi," and the sailing vessels " Vandalia,"" Lexington "and "Southampton," and despite the protests of the Japanese selected an anchorage about 12 m. farther up the bay, nearly opposite the present site of Yokohama, and within about to m. of Yedo (Tokyo). Here, on the 31st of March 1854, was concluded the first treaty (ratified at Simoda, on the 21st of February 1855, and proclaimed on the 22nd of June following) between the United States and Japan. The more important articles of this treaty provided that the port of Simoda, in the principality of Idzu, and the port of Hakodate, in the principality of Matsmai, were constituted as ports for the reception of American ships, where they could buy such supplies as they needed; that Japanese vessels should assist American vessels driven ashore on the coasts of Japan, and that the crews of such vessels should be properly cared for at one of the two treaty ports; that shipwrecked and other American citizens in Japan should be as free as in other countries, within certain prescribed limits; that ships of the United States should be permitted to trade at the two treaty ports under temporary regulations prescribed by the Japanese, that American ships should use only the ports named, except under stress of weather, and that privileges granted to other nations thereafter must also be extended to the United States. Commodore Perry died in New York
A complete and readable account of this expedition, and its results, scientific as well as political, compiled from the journals and reports of Commodore Perry and his officers, was published by the United States government under the title, Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan (3 vols., Washington, 1856). The first volume of this work, containing Commodore Perry's narrative, was also published separately. A brief biography of Perry is included in Charles Morris's Heroes of the Navy in America (Philadelphia and London, 1907). See also William E. Griffis's Matthew Galbraith Perry, a Typical American Naval Officer (Boston, 1887). End of Article: PERRY, MATTHEW CALBRAITH (17941858) If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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