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Encyclopedia Britannica



PEROVSKITE, or PEROFSKITE

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 179 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PAS-PER
PEROVSKITE, or PEROFSKITE , a
mineral
  consisting of
calcium
  titanate, CaTiO3, usually with a small proportion of the
calcium
  replaced by iron. The crystals found in schistose rocks have the form of cubes, which are sometimes modified on the edges and corners by numerous small planes; on the other hand, the crystals occurring as an accessory constituent of eruptive rocks are octahedral in form and microscopic in size. Although geometrically cubic, the crystals 'are always doubly refracting, and they sometimes show evidence of complex mimetic twinning; their structure as shown in polarized light is very similar to that of the
mineral
  boracite, and they are therefore described as pseudo-cubic. There are distinct cleavages parallel to the faces of the
cube
 . The colour varies from
pale
  yellow to blackish-brown and the lustre is adamantine to metallic; the crystals are transparent to opaque. The index of refraction is high, the hardness 5z and the specific gravity 4.0. The mineral was discovered at Achmatovsk near Zlatonst in the Urals by G. Rose in 1839, and named in honour of
Count
  L. A. Perovsky;at this locality large cubes occur with calcite and magnetite in a chlorite-schist. Similar crystals are also found in
talc
 -schist at
Zermatt
  in Switzerland. The microscopic octahedral crystals are characteristic of melilite basalt and nepheline basalt; they have also been found in
peridotite
  and serpentine. (L. J. S.)


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