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Encyclopedia Britannica



PERMEABILITY, MAGNETIC

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 176 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PAS-PER
PERMEABILITY, MAGNETIC , the ratio of the magnetic
induction
  or flux-density in any
medium
  to the inducing magnetic force. In the C.G.S. electromagnetic
system
  of units the
permeability
  is regarded as a pure number, and its value in empty space is taken as unity. The
permeability
  of a metal belonging to the ferromagnetic classiron, nickel,
cobalt
  and some of their alloysis a
function
  of the magnetic force, and also depends upon the previous magnetic history of the specimen. As the force increases from zero the permeability of a given specimen rises to a maximum, which may amount to several thousands, and then gradually falls off, tending to become unity when the force is increased without limit. Every other sub-stance has a constant permeability, which differs from unity only by a very small fraction; if the substance is paramagnetic, its permeability is a little greater than 1; if diamagnetic, a little less. The conception of permeability (Lat. per, through, and meare, to wander), is due to Faraday, who spoke of it as " conducting power for magnetism " (Experimental Researches, xxvi.), and the
term
  now in use was introduced by W. Thomson (Lord Kelvin), in 1872, having been suggested by a hydrokinetic analogy (Reprint of Papers on Electrostatics and Magnetism, xxxi., xlii.). It is generally of importance that the iron employed in the construction of electrical machinery should possess high permeability under the magnetic force to which it is to be subjected. (See
ELECTROMAGNETISM
  and MAGNETISM.)


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