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Encyclopedia Britannica



PERIDOT

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 148 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PAS-PER
PERIDOT , sometimes written peridote, a name applied by jewelers to " noble olivine," or that kind of olivine which can be used as a gem-stone (see OLIVINE). The word peridot is an old trade-term, of unknown origin, used by French jewelers and introduced into science by J. R. Hairy. Peridot is practically the same stone as chrysolite (q.v.), though it is convenient to restrict that term to transparent olivine of
pale
  yellowish green colour, and to apply the term peridot to those kinds which are darker and decidedly green: the colour, which is due to the presence of ferrous iron, is never vivid, like that of
emerald
 , but is usually some shade of olive-, pistachio- or leek-green. Although the stone is sometimes cut en cabochon, and in rose-form, the cutting best adapted to display the co our is that of a table or a step-cut stone. Unfortunately the hardness of peridot is only about 6.5, or but little above that of glass, so that the polished stone readily suffers abrasion by
wear
 . In polishing peridot the final
touch
  is given on a copper wheel moistened with sulphuric acid.
Although olivine has a fairly wide distribution in nature, the varieties used as gem-stones are of very limited occurrence. Much myiery for a long time surrounded the locality which
yields most of the peridot of commerce but it is now identified with the island of St John, or Isle Zeboiget, in the Red Sea, where it occurs, as shown by M. J. Couyat, in an altered dunite, or olivine
rock
  (
Bull
  sac. franc. min., 1908). This is probably the
Topaz
  Isle, rotrg'tos vijvos, of the ancients. It is generally held that the
mineral
  now called
topaz
  was unknown to ancient and mediaeval writers, and that their -roirii iov was our peridot. Such was probably the Hebrew pitdah, translated' topaz in the Old Testament. Dr G. F. Kunz has suggested that the peridots of modern trade are largely derived from old jewelry. The famous shrine of the Three Kings in Cologne Cathedral contains a large peridot, which has commonly been regarded as an
emerald
 . It is notable that pebbles of transparent olivine, fit for cutting, are found in the United States in Montana, Arizona and New
Mexico
 ; in consequence of their shape and curiously pitted surface they are known as " Job's tears." (F. W. R.*)


End of Article: PERIDOT


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