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Encyclopedia Britannica



PENNSYLVANIA GOVERNORS

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 114 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PAS-PER
PENNSYLVANIA GOVERNORS .
Under Dutch Rule (1624-1664).'
Cornelis Jacobsen Mey Director . . 1624-1625
William van Hulst 1625-1626
Peter Minuit . . . . Governor . 1626-1632
David Pieterzen de Vries . . . 1632-1633
Wouter van Twiller 1633-1638
William Kieft 1638-1647
Peter Stuyvesant - 1647-1664
Under Swedish Rule (1638-1655).2
Peter Minuit 1638-164r
Peter Hollender 1641-1642
John Printz 1642-1653
John Pappegoya 1653-1654
John Claude Rysingh 1654-1655
Under the Duke of
York
  (1664-1673).
Richard Nicolls 1664-1667
Robert Carr . . . Deputy 1664-1667
Robert Needham .
Commander
  on the Delaware 1664-1668
Francis Lovelace . . 1667-1673
John Carr . . . .
Commander
  on the Delaware 1668-1673
Under Dutch Rule (1673-1674).
Anthony Colve 1673-1674
Peter Alrichs Deputy on the Delaware 1673-1674
Under the Duke of
York
  (1674-1681).
Sir Edmund Andros 1674-1681
Under the Proprietors (1681-1693).
William Markham . . . . Deputy-Governor . 1681-1682
William Penn . . . . 1682-1684
Thomas Lloyd President of the Council 1684-1686
Thomas Lloyd
Robert Turner Arthur Cook John Simcock John Eckley John Blackwell
1 Governors of New Netherland and of the Dutch settlements on the Delaware.
3 The Swedish colonies on the Delaware conquered by the Dutch In 1655.
Thomas Lloyd .. . President of the Council 169o-1691
Thomas Lloyd . . . Deputy-Governor . 1691-1693
William Markham 3 . . 1691-1693
Under the Crown (1693-1695).
Benjamin Fletcher . . . . . . . 1693-1695
William Markham . . . . Deputy-Governor . 1693-1695
Under the Proprietors (1695-1776).
William Markham Deputy-Governor . 1695-1699
William Penn 1699-1701
Andrew Hamilton Deputy-Governor . 1701-1703
Edward Shippen . . . . President of the Council 1703-1704
John Evans .. . Lieutenant-Governor 1704-1709
Charles Gookin .. 1709-1717
Sir William Keith . 1717-1726
Patrick Gordon . .. 1726-1736
James Logan President of the Council 1736-1738
George Thomas Deputy-Governor 1738-1747
Anthony Palmer . President of the Council 1747-1748
James Hamilton . Lieutenant-Governor 1748-1754
Robert H. Morris Deputy-Governor . 1754-1756
William Denny . ,,
1756-1759 James Hamilton 1759-1763
John Penn . 1763-1771
James Hamilton . President of the Council 1771
Richard Penn . . Lieutenant-Governor 1771-1773
John Penn . 1773-1776
Period of Statehood (1776- ).
Benjamin Franklin, Chairman of the Committee of Safety 1776-1777 Thomas Wharton, Jr. . President of the Council 1777-1778
George Bryan " . Acting President of the Council 1777
Joseph Reed .. President of the Council 1778-1781
William Moore .. 1781-1782
John Dickinson . 1782-1785
Benjamin Franklin . 1785-1788
Thomas
Mifflin
  . . 1788-1790
Thomas
Mifflin
  . . Federalist . . 1790-1799
Thomas McKean . Democratic-Republican 1799-1808
Simon Snyder . 1808-1817
William Finley . 1817-182o
Joseph Heister . 182o-1823
John A. Shulze . 1823-1829
George Wolf Democrat . 1829-1835
Joseph Ritner Anti-Masonic
1835-1839 D. R. Porter Democrat . 1839-1845
F. R. Shunk 1845-1848
W. F. Johnston s Whig 1848 1852
William Bigler . Democrat 1852-1855
James Pollock . 1855-1858
W. F. Packer 1858-1861
A. G. Curtin Republican . 1861-1867
John W. Geary . I$67-1873
John F. Hartranft . 1873-1879
Henry M. Hoyt 1879 1883
Robert E. Pattison Democrat . 1883-1887
James A. Beaver Republican 1887-1891
Robert E. Pattison . Democrat . 1891-1895
Daniel H. Hastings Republican 1$95-1899
William A. Stone ,,
1899-1903
Samuel W. Pennypacker 1903 1907
Edwin S. Stuart . . . 1907-1911
John K. Tener . . . 1911-
For the administration of the state see: The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, adopted December 16, 1873, amended November 5, 1901 (Harrisburg, 1902) ; S. George et at. (editors), Laws, of Pennsylvania, 1682-1 goo, preceded by the Duke of York's Laws, 1676-1682 (Harrisburg, 1879) ; A. J. Dallas (editor), Laws of Pennsylvania, 17oo-18o1 (Philadelphia and
Lancaster
 , 1797-1801); Laws of the General Assembly of Pennsylvania
3 Lloyd was deputy-governor of the province, the present state of Pennsylvania; Markham of the lower counties, the present state of Delaware.
' The state was governed by a supreme executive council in 1777-1i90.
' Governor Shunk resigned in July 1848 and was succeeded by W. F. Johnston, president of the state senate.
Executive Commissioners 1686-1688 . Deputy-Governor . 1688-1690
of these buildings is the law school, between Chestnut and Sansom Streets, on 34th Street. In a great triangular
block
  bounded by Woodland Avenue, Spruce Street, and 34th Street are: the university library, which had in 1009 about 275,000 bound volumes and 50,000 pamphlets, including the Biddle Memorial law library (1886) of 40,000 volumes, the Colwell and Henry C. Carey collections in finance and economics, the Francis C. Macauley library of Italian, Spanish and Portuguese authors, with an excellent Dante collection, the classical library of Ernst von Leutsch of Gottingen, the philological library of F. A. Pott of Halle, the Germanic library of R. Bechstein of Rostock, the Semitic library of C. P. Caspari of Copenhagen, the (Hebrew and Rabbinical) Marcus Jastrow Memorial library, the ethnological library of D. G. Brinton, and several special medical collections; College
Hall
 , with the university offices; Howard Houston
Hall
  (1896) the students' club; Logan Hall; the Robert Hare chemical laboratory; and (across 36th Street) the Wistar institute of anatomy and biology. Immediately east of this triangular
block
  are: Bennett House; the Randal Morgan laboratory of physics; the engineering building (1906); the laboratory of hygiene (1892); dental hall; and the John Harrison laboratory of chemistry. Farther east are the gymnasium, training quarters and Franklin (athletic) field, with brick grand-stands. South of Spruce Street are: the free museum of science and art (1899), the north-western part of a projected group, with particularly valuable American, Egyptian, Semitic and Cretan collections, the last two being the results in part of university excavations at Nippur (1888-1902) and at Gournia (1901-1904); between 34th and 36th Streets the large and well-equipped university hospital (1874); large dormitories, consisting in 1909, of 29 distinct but connected houses; medical laboratories; a biological hall and vivarium; and across Woodland Avenue, a veterinary hall and hospital.
The university contains various departments, including the college (giving degrees in arts, science, biology, music, architecture, &c.), the graduate school (1882), a department of law (founded in 1790 and re-established in 185o) and a department of medicine (first professor, 1756; first degrees granted, 1768), the oldest and probably the most famous medical school in America. Graduation from the school of arts in the college is dependent on the successful completion of 6o units of work (the unit is one hour's work a week for a year in lectures or recitations or two hours' work a week for a year in laboratory courses); this may be done in three, four or five years;of the 6o counts: 22 must be required in studies (chemistry, 2 units; English, 6; foreign languages, 6; history, logic and ethics, mathematics, and physics, 2 each); 18 must be equally distributed in two or three " groups "the 19 groups include astronomy, botany, chemistry, economics, English, fine arts, French, geology, German, Greek, history, Latin, mathematics, philosophy, physics, political science, psychology, sociology and
zoology
 ; and in the remaining 20 units the student's election is practically free. Special work in the senior year of the college counts 8 units for the first year's work in the department of medicine. College scholar-ships are largely local, two being in the gift of the governor of the state, fifty being for graduates of the public schools of the city of Philadelphia, and five being for graduates of Pennsylvania public schools outside Philadelphia; in 1909 there were twenty-eight scholarships in the college not local. In the graduate school there are five fellowships for research, each with an annual stipend of $800, twenty-one fellowships valued
at $500 each, for men only, and five fellowships for women,
besides special fellowships and 39 scholarships.
The
corporation
  of the university is composed of a board of


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