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Encyclopedia Britannica



PECULIAR

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 36 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PAS-PER
PECULIAR , a word now generally used in the sense of that which solely or exclusively belongs to,or is particularly characteristic of, an individual; hence strange, odd, queer. The Lat. peculiaris meant primarily " belonging to private property," and is formed from peculium, private property, particularly the property given by a paterfamilias to his children, or by a master to his slave, to enjoy as their own. As a
term
  of ecclesiastical law " peculiar " is applied to those ecclesiastical districts, parishes, chapels or churches, once numerous in England, which were outside the
jurisdiction
  of the
bishop
  of the diocese in which they were situated, and were subject to a
jurisdiction
  " peculiar " to themselves. They were introduced originally, in many cases by papal authority, in order to limit the
powers
  of the
bishop
  in his diocese. There were royal peculiars, e.g. the Chapel Royal St James's, or St George's Windsor, peculiars of the archbishop, over certain of which the
Court
  of Peculiars exercised jurisdiction (see
ARCHES
 , COURT OF), and peculiars of bishops and deans (see DEAN). The jurisdiction and privileges of the " peculiars " were abolished by statutory
powers
  given to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners Acts 1836 and 185o, by the Pluralities Act 1838, the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act 1849, and other statutes.


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