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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PAS-PER |
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PEARS am it produces a rustling sound. It ranges from India, where it' is known as the " Krait," called " Kuppur " in Sind, through North Africa. This desert type is replaced farther south
Cerastes is another desert form, but is restricted to Africa; the arrangement of the scales of the sides of the body
Echis, but it has two rows of subcaudals. C. cornulus, the " horned viper " of North Africa, from Algeria to Palestine, has a large horny spike above each eye. This, the " Efa " of the Arabs, buries itself in the sand, with only the eyes, nostrils and the horns appearing above the surface. It attains a length of 2y ft. C. opera is hornless. Bitis s. Echidna s. Clotho has two rows of shields on the underside of the very short tail; the thick head is much depressed, like the body
series of large pale , dark-edged spots and oblique crosses on a purplish or reddish brown ground. Especially handsome are the young
birth
snakes
birth
young
in his back. He, however, appeared not to suffer the slightest inconvenience, and was never the worse for it (see Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 638). Vipera.The head is covered with small scales and a few larger shields. The eye is separated from the labials by small scales; the nasals are in contact with the rostral shield or separated by one naso-rostral. The scales of the body are strongly keeled; two rows of subcaudals on the short tail. This genus of about ten species with numerous local varieties ranges over Europe, Asia and the greater part of Africa. V. berus, the common European viper, ranging from Wales to Saghalien Island and from Caithness to the north of Spain, from the northern boundary of Persia to beyond the Arctic circle in Scandinavia. It inhabits all sorts of situations, but prefers heaths, moors and mixed woods with sunny slopes. It ascends the Alps up to 6000 or 7000 ft. The coloration is very variable, grey, brown, reddish or entirely black specimens occurring in the same country. The much-spoken-of black zigzag line along the back is so often indistinct, that it cannot be relied upon as a safe character. The full-grown males are smaller than the females, and have usually darker markings and a lighter ground colour. A specimen which is 2 ft. long is rare, and is invariably a female. The chief
and the young are born about four months later. During the pairing, and for hibernation, they often collect in considerable numbers. Whilst most snakes
rule
V. aspis is the more southern and western continental European viper; it is slightly snub-nosed, and this feature is still more pronounced in V. latastei of Spain and Portugal. In V. ammodytes of south
V. russelli, the " Daboia," is one of the most poisonous snakes of India, Ceylon, Java, Burma and Siam. It is pale brown with three longitudinal series of black, light-edged rings which sometimes encircle reddish spots. It grows to a length of about 5 ft.(H. F. G.) End of Article: PEARS If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
<a href="http://jcsm.org/StudyCenter/Encyclopedia/PAS_PER/PEARS.html"> PEARS </a> |
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