PARKER, JOHN HENRY (1806-1884)

This article appears in Volume V20, Page 828 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PAI-PAS

PARKER, JOHN HENRY (1806-1884) , English writer on architecture, the son of a London merchant, was born on the 1st of March 18o6. He was educated at Manor

House

HOUSE
HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
Gothic
- GOTHIC
it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

School,

Chiswick

CHISWICK

, and in 1821 entered business as a bookseller. Succeeding his uncle, Joseph Parker, as a bookseller at Oxford in 1832,
he conducted the business with

great

GREAT

success, the most important of the firm's publications being perhaps the

series

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

of the " Oxford Pocket Classics." In 1836 he brought out his Glossary of Architecture, which, published in the earlier years of the

Gothic

GOTHIC

revival in England, had considerable influence in extending the

movement

MOVEMENT

, and supplied a valuable help to

young

architects. In 1848 he edited the fifth edition of Rickman's Gothic Architecture, and in 1849 he published a handbook based on his earlier volume and entitled Introduction to the Study of Gothic Architecture. The completion of Hudson

Turner

's Domestic Architecture of the Middle Ages next engaged his attention, three volumes being published (1853-1860). In 1858 he published Medieval Architecture of Chester. Parker was one of the

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

advocates

ADVOCATES, FACULTY OF

of the " restoration " of ecclesiastical buildings, and published in 1866 Architectural Antiquities of the City of Wells. Latterly he devoted much attention to explorations of the history of Rome by means of excavations, and succeeded in satisfying himself of the historical truth of much usually regarded as legendary. Two volumes of his Archaeology of Rome were published at Oxford in 1874 and 1876. In recognition of his labours he was decorated by the king of Italy, and received a medal from Pope Pius IX. In 1869 he endowed the keepership of the Ashmolean Museum with a sum yielding 250 a year, and under the new arrangement he was appointed the first keeper. In 1871 he was nominated C.B. He died at Oxford on the 31st of January 1884.

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