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Encyclopedia Britannica



PARALLELISM, PSYCHOPHYSICAL

This article appears in Volume V20, Page 762 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PAI-PAS
PARALLELISM, PSYCHOPHYSICAL , in pyschology, the theory that the conscious and
nervous
  processes vary concomitantly whether or not there be any causal connexion between them; in other words " that modifications of consciousness emerge contemporaneously with corresponding modifications of
nervous
  process " (Stout). The theory is the third possible alternative in considering the relation between mind and
body
 , the others being interaction and one-sided action (e.g. materialism). It should be observed that this theory is merely a statement, not an explanation. (See PSYCHOLOGY.)which the piston-rod head,
or crosshead, as it is often n a'M
called, is to be guided. AB C is the middle line of half the beam, C being the fixed centre about which the beam oscillates. A link BD connects a point in the beam with a
radius
  link ED, which
oscillates about a fixed centre at E. A point P in BD, taken so that BP.: DP :: EN : CM, move in a path which coincides very closely with the straight line MPN. Any other point F in the line CP or CP produced is made to copy this motion by means of the links AF and FG, parallel to BD and AC. In the
ordinary
  application of the parallel motion a point such as F is the point of
attachment
  of the piston-rod, and P is used to drive a
pump
 -rod. Other points in the line CP produced are occasionally made use of by adding other links parallel to AC and BD.
Watt
 's linkage gives no more than an approximation to straight-line motion, but in a well-designed example the amount of deviation need not exceed one four-thousandth of the length of stroke. It was for
long
  believed that the production of an exact straight-line motion by pure linkage was impossible, until the problem was solved by the invention of the Peaucellier cell. (See also
MECHANICS
 : Applied
Mechanics
 , 77, 78.)


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