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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PAI-PAS |
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PANSY, or HEARTSEASE . This flower has been so long cultivated that its source is a matter of uncertainty. As we now see it, it is a purely artificial production, differing considerably from any wild plant known. It is generally supposed to be merely a cultivated form of Viola tricolor (see VIOLET), a corn-field weed, while others assert it to be the result of hybridization between V. tricolor and other species such as V. altaica, V. grandiflora, &c. Some experiments of M. Carriere go to show that seeds of the wild V. tricolor will produce forms so like those of the cultivated pansy that it is reasonable to assume that that flower has originated from the wild plant by continuous selection. The changes that have been effected from the wild type are, Wild Pansy (Viola tricolor), about half nat. size. 1, Stamen, with spur. 3, Transverse section of same. 2, Pistil, after fertilization, cut 13 enlarged. lengthwise, showing the numer- ous parietally attached ovules. however, more striking to the eye than really fundamental. Increase in size, an alteration in form, by virtue of which the narrow oblong petals are converted into circular ones, and variations in the intensity and distribution of the colourthese are the changes that have been wrought by continued selection, while the more essential parts of the flower have been relatively unaffected. The modern varieties of the pansy consist of the show varieties, and the fancy varieties, obtained from Belgium, and now very much improved. Show varieties are subdivided according to the colour of the flowers
pale
spring and summer flower-gardening.The pansy flourishes in well enriched garden soil, in an open but cool situation, a loamy soil being preferable. Cow-dung is the best manure on a light soil. The established sorts are increased by cuttings, whilst seeds are sown to procure novelties. The cuttings, which should consist by preference of the smaller non-flowering growths from the base of the plant, may be inserted early in September, in sandy soil, under a hand-light or in boxes under glass, andas soon as rooted should be removed to a fresh bed of fine sandy soil. The seeds may be sown in July, August or September. The bed may be prepared early in September, to be in readiness for planting, by being well manured with cow-dung and trenched up to a depth of 2 ft. The plants should be planted in rows at about a foot apart. In spring they should be mulched with half-rotten manure, and the shoots as they lengthen should be pegged down into this enriched surface to induce the foranation of new roots. If the blooms show signs of exhaustion by the inconstancy of their colour or marking, all the flowers
young
When grown in pots in a cold frame
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