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Encyclopedia Britannica



PALLADIO, ANDREA (1518-1580)

This article appears in Volume V20, Page 636 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PAI-PAS
PALLADIO, ANDREA (1518-1580) , Italian architect, was born in Vicenza on the 3oth of November 1518. The works of Vitruvius and Alberti were studied by him at an early period, and his student life was spent in Rome, where he was taken by
his patron Count Trissino. In 1547 he returned to Vicenza, where he designed a very large number of fine buildingsamong the
chief
  being the Palazzo della Ragione, with two storeys of open arcades of the Tuscan and Ionic orders, and the Barbarano, Porti and Chieregati palaces. Most of these buildings look better on
paper
  than in reality, as they are mainly built of brick, covered with stucco, now in a very dilapidated condition; but this does not affect the merit of their
design
 , as
Palladio
  intended them to have been executed in stone. Pope Paul III. sent for him to Rome to report upon the state of St Peter's. In Venice, too,
Palladio
  built many stately churches and palaces, such as S. Giorgio
Maggiore
 , the Capuchin church, and some large palaces on the Grand Canal. His last
great
 
work
  was the Teatro Olimpico at Vicenza, which was finished, though not altogether after the
original
 
design
 , by his pupil and fellow citizen Scamozzi.
In addition to his town buildings Palladio designed many country villas in various parts of northern Italy. The villa of Capra is perhaps the finest of these, and has frequently been imitated. Palladio was .a
great
  student of classical literature, and published in 1595 an edition of Caesar's Commentaries with notes. His I quattro libri dell' architectura, first published at Venice in 1570, has passed into countless editions, and been translated into every European language. The
original
  edition is a small folio, richly illustrated with well-executed full-page woodcuts of plans, elevations, and details of buildingschiefly either ancient Roman temples or else palaces designed and built by himself. Among many others, an edition with notes was published in England by Inigo Jones, most of whose works; and especially the palace of Whitehall, of which only the banqueting room remains, owed much to Palladio's inspiration. The style adopted and partially invented by Palladio expressed a kind of revolt against the extreme licence both of composition and ornament into which the architecture of his time had fallen. He was fascinated by the stateliness and pro-portion of the buildings of ancient Rome, and did not reflect that reproductions of these, however great their archaeological accuracy, could not but be lifeless and unsuited to the wants of the 16th century. Palladio's carefully measured drawings of ancient buildings are now of great value, as in many cases the buildings have altogether or in part ceased to exist.
AUTHORITIEs.Montanari, Vita di
Andrea
  Palladio (1749) ; Rigato, Osservazioni sopra
Andrea
  Palladio (1811); Magrini, Memorie intorno la vita di Andrea Palladio (1845); Milizia, Memorie degli architetti, ii. 3554 (1781); Symonds, Renaissance in ItalyFine Arts, pp. 9499; Zanella, Vita di Andrea Palladio (
Milan
 , 1880) ; Barichella, Vita di Andrea Palladio (Lonigo, 1880).


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