PALINGENESIS (Gr. -raw, again, 14vevcr, becoming, birth)

This article appears in Volume V20, Page 634 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PAI-PAS

PALINGENESIS (Gr. -raw, again, 14vevcr, becoming, birth) , a

term

TERM

used in philosophy, theology and biology. In philosophy it denotes in its broadest sense the theory (e.g. of the Pythagoreans) that the human soul does not die with the

body

BODY

but is " born again " in new incarnations. It is thus the equivalent of metempsychosis (q.v.). The

term

TERM

has a narrower and more specific use in the system of Schopenhauer, who applies it to his

doctrine

DOCTRINE

that the will does not die but manifests itself afresh in new individuals. He thus repudiates the primitive metempsychosis

doctrine

DOCTRINE

which maintains the reincarnation of the particular soul. The word "

palingenesis

PALINGENESIS (Gr. -raw, again, 14vevcr, becoming, birth)

" or rather " palingenesia " may be traced back to the Stoics, who used the term for the continual re-creation of the universe by the Demiurgus (Creator) after its absorption into himself. Similarly

Philo

PHILO
PHILO, HERENNIUS

speaks of. Noah and his sons as leaders of a " renovation " or " re-

birth

BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

" of the earth. Josephus uses the term of the national restoration of the Jews, Plutarch of the transmigration of souls, and Cicero of his own return from

exile

EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap,
consul
- CONSUL
- CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)
, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

. In the New Testament the properly theological sense of spiritual regeneration is found, though the word itself occurs only twice; and it is used by the church fathers, e.g. for the rite of

baptism

BAPTISM

or for the state of repentance. In modern biology (e.g. Haeckel and Fritz Muller)
"

palingenesis

PALINGENESIS (Gr. -raw, again, 14vevcr, becoming, birth)

" has been used for the exact reproduction of ancestral features by

inheritance

INHERITANCE

, as opposed to "kenogenesis" (Gr. Kawos new), in which the inherited characteristics are modified by environment.

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