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Encyclopedia Britannica



PALINGENESIS (Gr. -raw, again, 14vevcr, becoming, birth)

This article appears in Volume V20, Page 634 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PAI-PAS
PALINGENESIS (Gr. -raw, again, 14vevcr, becoming, birth) , a
term
  used in philosophy, theology and biology. In philosophy it denotes in its broadest sense the theory (e.g. of the Pythagoreans) that the human soul does not die with the
body
  but is " born again " in new incarnations. It is thus the equivalent of metempsychosis (q.v.). The
term
  has a narrower and more specific use in the system of Schopenhauer, who applies it to his
doctrine
  that the will does not die but manifests itself afresh in new individuals. He thus repudiates the primitive metempsychosis
doctrine
  which maintains the reincarnation of the particular soul. The word "
palingenesis
  " or rather " palingenesia " may be traced back to the Stoics, who used the term for the continual re-creation of the universe by the Demiurgus (Creator) after its absorption into himself. Similarly
Philo
  speaks of. Noah and his sons as leaders of a " renovation " or " re-
birth
  " of the earth. Josephus uses the term of the national restoration of the Jews, Plutarch of the transmigration of souls, and Cicero of his own return from
exile
 . In the New Testament the properly theological sense of spiritual regeneration is found, though the word itself occurs only twice; and it is used by the church fathers, e.g. for the rite of
baptism
  or for the state of repentance. In modern biology (e.g. Haeckel and Fritz Muller)
"
palingenesis
  " has been used for the exact reproduction of ancestral features by
inheritance
 , as opposed to "kenogenesis" (Gr. Kawos new), in which the inherited characteristics are modified by environment.


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