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Encyclopedia Britannica



PALAEOSPONDYLUS

This article appears in Volume V20, Page 592 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PAI-PAS
PALAEOSPONDYLUS , a small fish-like organism, of which the skeleton is found fossil in the Middle Old Red
Sandstone
 
From British Museum Guide to Fossil
Reptiles
  and Fishes, by permission of the Trustees.
Palaeospondylus gunni, restored by Dr R. H. Traquair. (Nearly twice nat. size.)
of Achanarras, near Thurso, Caithness. It was thus named (Gr. ancient vertebra) by Dr R. H. Traquair in 189o, in allusion to its well-developed vertebral rings; and its structure was
studied in detail in 1903 by Professor and Miss Sollas, who succeeded in making enlarged models of the fossil in wax. The skeleton as preserved is carbonized, and indicates an eel-shaped animal from 3 to 5 cm., in length. The skull, which must have consisted of hardened cartilage, exhibits pairs of nasal and auditory capsules, with a gill-apparatus below its hinder
part
 , but no indications of
ordinary
  jaws. The anterior opening of the brain-case is surrounded by a ring of hard cirri. A pair of " post-branchial plates " projects backwards from the head. The vertebral
axis
  shows a
series
  of broad rings, with distinct neural
arches
 , but no ribs. Towards the end of the
body
  both neural and haemal
arches
  are continued into forked radial cartilages, which support a median fin. There are no traces either of paired fins or of dermal
armour
 . The affinities of Palaeospondylus are doubtful, but it is probably related to the contemporaneous armoured
Ostracoderms
 .


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