PADILLA, JUAN LOPEZ DE

This article appears in Volume V20, Page 444 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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PADILLA, JUAN LOPEZ DE , insurrectionary

leader

LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

in the " guerra de las comunidades " in which the commons of Castile made a futile stand against the arbitrary policy of Charles V. and his Flemish ministers, was the eldest son of the commendator of Castile, and was born in Toledo towards the close of the 15th

century

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

. After the cities, by their deputies assembled at Avila, had vainly demanded the king's return, due regard for the rights of the

cortes

CORTES
CORTES, HERNAN

, and economical administration, to be entrusted to the hands of Spaniards, it was resolved to resort to force, and the " holy junta " was formed, with

Padilla

PADILLA, JUAN LOPEZ DE

at its head. An attempt was first made to establish a national government in the name of the imbecile

Joanna

JOANNA (1479-1555)

, who was then residing at Tordesillas; with this view they took possession of her person, seized upon the treasury books, archives, and seals of the kingdom, and stripped Adrian of his regency. But the junta soon alienated the

nobility

NOBILITY

by the boldness with which it asserted democracy and

total

TOTAL

abolition of privilege, while it courted defeat in the field by appointing to the supreme command of its forces not

Padilla

PADILLA, JUAN LOPEZ DE

but Don Pedro de Giron, who had no recommendation but his high

birth

BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

. After the army of the

nobility

NOBILITY

had recaptured Tordesillas, Padilla did something to retrieve the loss by taking Torrelobaton and some other towns. But the junta, which was not fully in accord with its ablest

leader

LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

, neutralized this advantage by granting an armistice; when hostilities were resumed the commons were completely defeated near Villalar (

April

APRIL

23, 1521), and Padilla, who had been taken prisoner, was publicly executed on the following day. His wife, Dona Maria Pacheco de Padilla, bravely defended Toledo against the royal troops for six months afterwards, but ultimately was compelled to take

refuge

REFUGE

in Portugal.
See Sandoval, Hisloria de Carlos V. (Pamplona, 1G81); E. Arm-strong, The Emperor Charles V. (1902); A. Rodriquez Villa, Juana la Loca (Madrid, 1892) ; and Pero Mejia, Comunidades de Castilla, in the Biblioteca de autores espanoies of Rivadeneyra, vol. xxi.

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