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Encyclopedia Britannica



PACHOMIUS, ST (292-346)

This article appears in Volume V20, Page 433 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ORC-PAI
PACHOMIUS, ST (292-346) , Egyptian monk, the founder of Christian cenobitical life, was born, probably in 292, at Esna in Upper Egypt, of heathen parents. He served as a conscript in one of Constantine's campaigns, and on his return became a Christian (314); he at once went to live an eremitical life near
Dendera
  by the Nile, putting himself under the guidance of an aged hermit. After three or four years he was called (by an
angel
 , says the legend) to establish a monastery of cenobites, or monks living in common (see
MONASTICISM
 , 4). Pachomius spent his life in organizing and directing the
great
  order he had created, which at his death included nine monasteries with some three thousand monks and a nunnery. The order was called Tabennesiot, from Tabennisi, near
Dendera
 , the site of the first monastery. The most vivid account of the life and primitive
rule
  is that given by Palladius in the Lausiac History, as witnessed by him (c. 410). Difficulties arose between Pachomius and the neighbouring bishops, which had to be composed at a synod at Esna. But St Athanasius was his firm friend and visited his monastery c. 330 and at a later period. Pachomius died (probably) in 346.
The best modern
work
  on Pachomius is by P. Ladeuze, Le Cenobitisme pakhomien (1898). There have been differences of
opinion
  in regard to the
dates
 ; those given above are Ladeuze's, now commonly accepted. The priority of the Greek Life of Pachomius over the Coptic may be said to be established; the historical character and value of this life are now fully recognized. A good
analysis
  of all the literature is supplied in
Herzog
 's Realencyklopadie (ed. 3). (E. C. B.)


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