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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ORC-PAI |
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ORNE , a department of the north-west of France, about half of which formerly belonged to the province of Normandy and the rest to the duchy of Alen9on and to Perche. Pop. (r906) 315,993. Area, 2371 sq. m. It is bounded N. by Calvados, N.E. by Eure, E. and S.E. by Eure-et-Loir. S. by Sarthe and Mavenne and W. by Manche. Geologically there are two distinct regions; to the west of the Orne and the railway from Argentan to Alengon lie primitive rocks connected with those of Brittany; to the east begin the Jurassic and Cretaceous formations of Normandy. The latter district is agriculturally the richest part of the department; in the former the poverty of the soil has led the inhabit-ants to seek their subsistence from industrial pursuits. Between the northern portions, draining to the Channel, .and the southern portion, belonging to the basin of the Loire, stretch the hills of Perche and Normandy, which generally have a height of from 800 to Joao ft. The highest point in the department, situated in the forest of Ecouves north of Alen9on, reaches 1368 ft. The department gives birth
Horse-breeding is the most flourishing business in the rural districts; there are three breedsthose of Perche, Le Merlerault and Brittany. The great government stud of Le Pin-au-Haras (established in 1714), with its school of horse-breeding, is situated between Le Merlerault and Argentan. Several horse-training establishments exist in the department. A large number of lean cattle are bought in the neighbouring departments to be fattened.; the farms in the vicinity of Vimoutiers, on the borders of Calvados, produce the famous Camembert cheese, and others excellent butter. The bee industry is very flourishing. Oats, wheat, barley and buckwheat are the chief
fodder
20 hemp are grown. The variety of production is due to the great natural diversity of the soils. Small farms are the rule, and the fields in those cases are surrounded by hedges relieved by pollard trees. Along the roads or in the enclosures are planted numerous pear and apple trees, the latter yielding cider, part of which is manufactured into brandy. Beech, oak, birch and pine are the chief
mineral
spring of La Hesse, which was used by the Romans.Cotton
paper -mills, tanneries (the waters of the Orne being reputed to give a special
cotton
The department is served by the Western railway. There are four arrondissements, with Alengon, the capital , Argentan, Domfront and Mortagne as their chief towns, 36 cantons and 512 communes. The department forms the diocese of Sees (province of Rouen) and part of the academic (educational division) of Caen, and the region of the IV. army corps; its court of appeal is at Caen. The chief places are Alengon, Argentan, Mortagne, Flers and Sees. Carrouges has remains of a chateau of the 15th and 17th centuries; Chambois has a donjon of the 12th century; and there is a fine Renaissance chateau at O. A church in Laigle has a fine tower of the 15th century. There are a great number of megalithic monuments in the department.End of Article: ORNE If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
<a href="http://jcsm.org/StudyCenter/Encyclopedia/ORC_PAI/ORNE.html"> ORNE </a> |
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