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Encyclopedia Britannica



ORIZABA (Aztec, Citlaltepetl, " star mountain ")

This article appears in Volume V20, Page 278 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ORC-PAI
ORIZABA (Aztec, Citlaltepetl, " star mountain ") , an
extinct
  or dormant volcano, on the boundary between the Mexican states of Puebla and Vera Cruz and very nearly on the 19th parallel. It rises from the
south
 -eastern margin of the
great
  Mexican
plateau
  to an
elevation
  of 18,314 ft., according to Scovell and Bunsen's measurements in 18911892, or 18,250 and 18,209 ft. according to other authorities, and 18i7o1 (5700 metres) by the Comisi6n Geografica Exploradora. It is the highest
peak
  in
Mexico
  and the second highest in North America. Its upper timber line is about 13,500 ft. above sea-level, and Hans Gadow found patches of apparently permanent snow at an
elevation
  of 14,400 ft. on its S.E. side in 1902. The first ascent of Orizaba was made by Reynolds and Maynard in 1848, since when other successful attempts have been made and many failures have been recorded. Its last eruptive period was 15451566, and the volcano is now considered to be
extinct
 , although Humboldt records that smoke was seen issuing from its summit as
late
  as the beginning of the 19th century.


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