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Encyclopedia Britannica



ORENBURG

This article appears in Volume V20, Page 252 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ORC-PAI
ORENBURG , a town of Russia,
capital
  of the government of the same name, on the Ural river; connected by rail with Samara (262 m.), and since 1905 with
Tashkent
  (1150 M.). Pop. (190o) 65,906, of whom about 30% were
Tatars
 ,
Jews
 , Bashkirs, &c. The town now includes the former suburbs of
Golubinaya and Novaya. It is an episcopal see of the Orthodox Greek Church and the headquarters of the hetman of the Oren-burg Cossacks. To a " barter
house
 ," 3 M. from the town, the camel caravans bring carpets, silks, cottons, lambskins, dried fruits, &c., from
Bokhara
 ,
Khiva
 , Kokand and
Tashkent
 , to be bartered against the textiles, metallic goods, sugar and manufactured wares of Russia. From 20,000 to 100,000 horses, 40,000 to 16o,000 cattle, and 450,000 to 750,000 sheep are also sold every year at the barter '
house
 . Formerly most of these were sent alive to Russia; now some 200,000 head of cattle and sheep are killed every year, and exported in cold-storage wagons. Cattle are also bought by wandering merchants in the Steppe provinces and Turkestan. Every year many tons of tallow, hams, sausages, butter, cheese and game are exported by rail to Samara. Besides these, nearly a million hides and sheepskins, goat and astrakhan skins, as well as wool, horsehair, bristles, down, horns, bones, &c., are exported. There are two
cadet
  corps, a theological
seminary
 , seminaries for Russian and Kirghiz teachers, a museum, branches of the Russian Geographical Society and the Gardening Society, and a military arsenal.


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