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Encyclopedia Britannica



ORBIGNY, ALCIDE DESSALINES

This article appears in Volume V20, Page 164 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NUM-ORC
ORBIGNY, ALCIDE DESSALINES D' (18021857), French palaeontologist, was born at Couerzon, Loire Inferieure, on the 6th of September 1802. He was educated at La Rochelle, where he became interested in the study of natural history, and in particular of
zoology
  and palaeontology. His first appointment was that of travelling naturalist for the Museum of Natural History at Paris. In the course of his duties he proceeded in 1826 to
South
  America, and gathered much information on the natural history and
ethnology
 , the results being embodied in his
great
 
work
  Voyage dons l'Amirique Meridionale (1839-1842). Meanwhile he had decided to devote his time and energies to palaeontology, and he dealt in course of time with various invertebrata from foraminifera to crinoids and mollusca. In 1840 he commenced the publication of Paleontologic Frangaise, ou description des fossiles de la France, a monumental
work
 , accompanied by figures of the species. Eight volumes were published by him dealing with Jurassic and Cretaceous invertebrata, and since his death many later volumes have been issued. (See notes by C. D. Sherborn, " On the
Dates
  of the Paleontologie Francaise of D'Orbigny," Geol. Mag., 1899, p. 223.) Among his other works were Cows elementaire de paleontologie et de geologic stratigraphiques (3 vols., 18491852), and Prodrome de paleontologie stritigraphique (3 vols., 1850-1852). D'Orbigny introduced (1852) a methodical
system
  of nomenclature for
geological
  formations based partly on the English termsthus Bathonian for the
Great
  or Bath Oolite,
Bajocian
  from Bajocea or Bayeux in
Calvados
  for the Inferior Oolite. Many of these names have been widely adopted, but some are of too local application to be generally used. In 1853 he was appointed professor of palaeontology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris, but died four years later, on the 3oth of June 1857, at Pierresitte, near St Denis.


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