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Encyclopedia Britannica



ORAONS

This article appears in Volume V20, Page 161 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NUM-ORC
ORAONS , an aboriginal people of Bengal. They
call
  themselves Kurukh, and are sometimes also known as Dhangars. Their
home
  is in Ranchi
district
  and there are communities in the Chota Nagpur states and
Palamau
 , while elsewhere they have scattered settlements, e.g. in Jalpaiguri and the Darjeeling Terai, whither they have gone to
work
  in the tea-gardens. They number upwards of three quarters of a million. According to their traditions the tribe migrated from the west
coast
  of India. The Oraons are a small race (
average
  5 ft. 2 in.); the usual colour is dark brown, but some are as light as Hindus. They are heavy-jawed, with large mouths, thick lips and projecting teeth. They reverence the sun, and acknowledge a supreme god, Dharmi or Dharmest, the holy one, who is perfectly pure, but whose beneficent designs are thwarted by evil spirits. They burn their dead, and the urn with the ashes is suspended outside the deceased's hut to await the period of the year especially set apart for burials. The language is harsh and guttural, having much connexion with Tamil. In 1901 the total number of speakers of Kurukh or Oraon in all India was nearly 600,000.
See E. T.
Dalton
 , Descriptive
Ethnology
  of Bengal (Calcutta, 1872), and his article " The Kols of Chota-Nagpore," in Supplement to Journ. of Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, vol.
xxxv
 . (1887), part ii. p. 154; Batsch, ' Notes on the Oraon Language " in Journ. Roy. Asiatic Soc. of Bengal for 1866; F. B. Bradley Birt, The Story of an Indian Upland (1905).


End of Article: ORAONS


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