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Encyclopedia Britannica



OLYMPUS

This article appears in Volume V20, Page 98 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NUM-ORC
OLYMPUS , the name of many mountains in Greece and Asia
Minor
 , and of the fabled
home
  of the gods, and also a city name and a personal name.
I. Of the mountains bearing the name the most famous is the lofty
ridge
  on the borders of Thessaly and Macedonia. The river Peneus, which drains Thessaly, finds its way to the sea through the
great
  gorge of Tempe, which is close below the south-eastern end of Olympus and separates it from
Mount
  Ossa. The highest
peak
  of Olympus is nearly Io,000 ft. high; it is covered with snow for
great
  part of the year. Olympus is a mountain of massive
appearance
 , in many places rising in tremendous precipices broken by vast ravines, above which is the broad summit. The lower parts are densely wooded; the summit is naked rock. Homer calls the mountain ayavvu j,os, fcaKpos, 7roXvaeipas: the epithets vu oeis, aoXvbevbpos, frondosus and opacus are used by other poets. The modern name is "EAv nro, a dialectic form of the ancient word.
The
peak
  of
Mount
  Lycaeus in the south-west of Arcadia was called Olympus.
East
  of Olympia, on the north bank of the
Alpheus
 , was a hill bearing this name; beside Sellasia in Laconia another. The name was even commoner in Asia
II
Minor
 : a lofty chain in Mysia (Keshish Dagh), a
ridge
 
east
  of Smyrna (Nil Dagh), other mountains in Lycia, in Galatia, in Cilicia, in Cyprus, &c., were all called Olympus.
II. A lofty peak, rising high above the clouds of the lower atmosphere into the clear ether, seemed to be the chosen seat of the deity. In the Iliad the gods are described as dwelling on the top of the mountain; in the Odyssey Olympus is regarded as a more remote and less definite locality; and in later poets we find similar divergence of ideas, from a definite mountain to a vague conception of heaven. In the elaborate mythology of Greek literature Olympus was the common
home
  of the multitude of gods. Each deity had his
special
  haunts, but all had a residence at the court of Zeus on Olympus; here were held the assemblies and the common feasts of the gods.


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