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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NUM-ORC |
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OEDIPUS (OiSiirovs, O16tir63i7s, Wines, from Gr. ot&eiv swell, and gobs foot, i.e. " the swollen-footed ") ' in Greek legend, son of Lalus, king of Thebes, and Jocasta (Iocaste). Lalus, having been warned by an oracle that he would be killed by his son, ordered him to be exposed, with his feet pierced, immediately after his birth
Oedipus grew up ignorant of his parentage, and, meeting Lalus in a narrow way, quarrelled with him and slew him. The country was ravaged by a monster
Oedipus solved the riddle which it proposed to its victims, freed the country, and married- his own mother. In the Odyssey it is said that the gods disclosed the impiety. Epicaste (as Jocasta is called in Homer) hanged herself, and Oedipus lived as king in Thebes tormented by the Erinyes of his mother. In the tragic poets the tale takes a different form. Oedipus fulfils an ancient prophecy in killing his father; he is the blind instrument in the hands of fate. The further treatment of the tale by Aeschylus is unknown. Sophocles describes in his Oedipus Tyrannus how Oedipus was resolved to pursue to the end the mystery of the death of LaIus, and thus unravelled the dark tale, and in horror put out his own eyes. The sequel of the tale is told in the Oedipus Coloneus. Banished by his sons, he is tended by the loving care of his daughters. He comes to Attica and dies in the grove of the Eumenides at Colonus, in his death welcomed and pardoned by the fate which had pursued him throughout his life. In addition to the two tragedies of Sophocles, the legend formed the subject of a trilogy by Aeschylus, of which only the Seven against Thebes is extant; of the Phoenissae of Euripides; and of the Oedipus and Phoenissae of Seneca.See A. Miler's exhaustive article in Roscher's Lexikon der Mythologic; F. W. Schneidewin, Die Sage von Oedipus (1852); D. Cornparetti, Edipo e la mitologia comparata (1867); M. Brea], " Le Mythe d' Edipe," in Melanges de mythologie (1878), who explains Oedipus as a personification of light, and his blinding
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Medieval Legends.In the Golden Legend of Jacobus de Voragine (13th century) and the Mystere de la Passion of Jean Michel (15th century) and Arnoul Greban (15th century), the story of Oedipus is associated with the name of Judas. The main idea is the same as in the classical account. The Judas legend, however, never really became popular, whereas that of Oedipus was handed down both orally and in written national tales (Albanian, Finnish, Cypriote). One incident (the incest unwittingly committed) frequently recurs in connexion with the life of Gregory the Great
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1 It is probable that the story of the piercing of his feet is a subsequent invention to explain the name, or is due to a false etymology (from otais), othiiroes in reality meaning the " wise " (from oIha), chiefly in reference to his having solved the riddle, the syllable -revs having no significance. survived amongst the modern Greeks, without any traces of the influence of Christianity (B. Schmidt, Griechische Marchen, 1877). The works of the ancient tragedians (especially Seneca, in preference to the Greek) came into vogue, and were slavishly followed by French and Italian imitators down to the 17th century. See L. Constans, La Legende d'CEdipe clans l'antiquite, au moyen age, et dans les temps modernes (1881); D. Comparetti's Edipo and Jebb's introduction for the Oedipus of Dryden, Corneille and Voltaire; A. Heintze, Gregorius auf dem Steine, der mittelalterliche Oedipus (progr., Stolp, 1897); V. Diederichs, Russische Verwandte der Legende von Gregor auf dem Stein and der Sage von Judas Ischariot," in Russische Revue (188o); S. Novakovitch, " Die Oedipussage in der siidslavischen Volksdichtung," in Archiv fur slavische Philologie xi. (1888). End of Article: OEDIPUS (OiSiirovs, O16tir63i7s, Wines, from Gr. ot&eiv swell, and gobs foot, i.e. " the swollen-footed ") If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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