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Encyclopedia Britannica



OCHAKOV

This article appears in Volume V19, Page 988 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NUM-ORC
OCHAKOV , a fortified town and port of
Russia
 , in the government of
Kherson
 , 41 M. E. of Odessa, on a cape of the Black Sea, at the entrance to the estuary of the
Dnieper
 , and opposite to Kinburn. Pop. (1897), 10,784. Strong fortifications have been built at Ochakov and on the Kinburn promontory, to protect the entrance to the
Dnieper
 . Ochakov stands close to the site of the old Miletan (Greek) colony of Olvia and the Greek colony of Alektor. The fortress of Kara-
kerman
  or Ozu-kaleh was built on this spot by the
khan
  of the Crimea, Mengli Girai, in 1492. At a later date it became the centre of a Turkish province which included Khaji-dereh (Ovidiopol), Khaji-bey (Odessa), and Dubossary, as well as some 150 villages.
Russia
 , regarding it as the main obstacle to the possession of the Black Sea littoral, besieged it in 1737, when it was captured by
Marshal
  Munnich, but in the following year it was abandoned, and in 1739 restored to Turkey. The second siege by Russia was begun in 1788, and lasted six months, until the fortress was stormed and taken, after a terrible loss of
life
 . By the peace of 1791 it became
Russian
 . In 1855 it was bombarded by the Anglo-French
fleet
 , and after that the Russians demolished the fortifications.


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