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Encyclopedia Britannica



NYMPHAEUM (Gr. vbcbatov, vvja"aov)

This article appears in Volume V19, Page 930 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NUM-ORC
NYMPHAEUM (Gr. vbcbatov, vvja"aov) , in Greek and Roman antiquities, a
monument
  consecrated to the nymphs (q.v.), especially those of springs. These monuments were originally natural grottoes, which tradition assigned as habitations to the local nymphs. They were sometimes so arranged as to furnish a
supply
  of water. Subsequently, artificial took the place of natural grottoes. The nymphaea of the Roman period were borrowed from the constructions of the Hellenistic
east
 . The
majority
  of them were rotundas, and were adorned with statues and paintings. They served the threefold purpose of sanctuaries, reservoirs and assembly-rooms. A
special
  feature was their use for the celebration of marriages. Such nymphaea existed at Corinth, Antioch and
Constantinople
 ; the remains of some twenty have been found at Rome and of many in Africa. The so-called exedra of Herodes Atticus (which answers in all respects to a nymphaeum in the Roman style), the nymphaeum in the palace of
Domitian
  and those in the villa of Hadrian at Tibur (five in number) may be specially mentioned. The
term
  nymphaeum was also applied to the fountains of water in the atrium of the Christian basilica, which according to
Eusebius
  (x. 4) were symbols of purification.


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