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Encyclopedia Britannica



NUTATION (from Lat. nutare, to nod)

This article appears in Volume V19, Page 919 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NUM-ORC
NUTATION (from Lat. nutare, to nod) , a revolution of the
celestial
 
pole
  around its mean position, due to inequalities in the action of the sun and moon, on an earth of ellipsoidal form. When either of these attracting bodies is in the plane of the
equator
 , it produces no
change
  in the direction of the
celestial
 
pole
 . The greater their distance from this plane, the greater the
change
 , for reasons shown in the article ASTRONOMY (Celestial
Mechanics
 ). The result is a motion which can be divided into two components. One of these is the progressive and nearly uniform motion of a fictitious mean pole, called precession (q.v.), and the other a revolution of the true around the mean pole, de-pending on the varying declinations of the sun and moon, and called nutation. Owing to the revolution of the moon's node and the inclination of its orbit, this
body
  moves through a wider range of declination in some positions of the node than in others. The period of the revolution of the node is 18.6 years. At one time of this period the limits of its declination are more than 28 north and
south
 , while, at the opposite point, they are little more than 18. The result of these periodic changes is that the nutation takes place nearly in an ellipse, differing little from a circle, at a distance of about 9", in a period of about 18.6 years. The motion is not exactly an ellipse, having a
great
  number of minute inequalities arising from the ellipticity of the orbits of the sun and moon and their varying declinations. The amount and formulae of nutation from year to year are given in the Nautical Almanac.


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