NUEVO LEON

This article appears in Volume V19, Page 845 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NEW-NUM

NUEVO LEON , a northern state of

Mexico

, bounded N., E. and S.E. by Tamaulipas, S. and S.W. by San Luis

Potosi

POTOSI

and W. and N. by Coahuila. Pop. (19o0) 327,937; area 23,592 sq. m. Nuevo Leon lies partly upon the great Mexican plateau and partly upon its eastern slopes, the Sierra Madre Oriental crossing the state N.W. to S.E. A branch of the Sierra Madre extends northward from the vicinity of Salinas, but its elevations are low. The average

elevation

ELEVATION

of the Sierra Madre within the state is slightly under 5500 ft. The general character of the surface is mountainous, though the western and south-western sides are level and dry as in the adjoining state of Coahuila. In the N. the general

elevation

ELEVATION

is low, the surface sandy and covered with cactus and mesquite growth, and hot, semi-arid conditions prevail. The eastern slopes receive more rain and are well clothed with vegetation, but the lower valleys are sub-tropical in character and are largely devoted to sugar production. The higher elevations have a dry, temperate, healthful climate. There are many rivers and streams, notably the Salado, Pesqueria and Presas, but none is navigable within the state, though many furnish good water power. Agriculture is the principal industry,the

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

products being sugar, barley, Indian corn and wheat. Rum is a by-product of the sugar industry, and " mescal " is distilled from the agave. The gathering and preparation of " ixtle " fibres from the agave and yucca forms another important industry, the fibre being sent to Tampico for export. Stock-raising receives considerable attention; there are about a score of large cattle ranges, and there is a considerable export of live cattle to

Texas

TEXAS

and to various Mexican states. Consider-able progress has been made in manufacturing industries, and there are a large number of sugar-mills,

cotton

factories, woollen mills, smelting works and iron and steel works. The state is well served with railways, the

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

, Monterrey, being one of the most important railway centres in northern

Mexico

. The Mexican National line crosses the northern half of the state and has constructed a branch from Monterrey to Matamoros, and a Belgian line (F. C. de Monterrey al Golfo Mexicano) runs from Tampico N.N.W. to Monterrey, and thence westward to Trevino (formerly Venadito) in Coahuila, a station on the Mexican Inter-national. The other principal towns are: Linares, or San Felipe de Linares (pop. 20,690 in 1900), 112 m. by rail S.E. of the

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

in a rich agricultural region; Lampazos, or Lampazos de Naranjo (7704), 96 M. by rail N.W. of the capital; Cadereyta Jiminez, Garcia, Santiago and

Doctor

DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

Arroyo

ARROYO (O. Sp. arrogio, Lat. arrogium, a rivulet or stream)

, the last in the extreme southern part of the state.

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