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Encyclopedia Britannica



NOVATION

This article appears in Volume V19, Page 832 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NEW-NUM
NOVATION , a legal
term
  derived from the Roman law, in which novatio was of three kinds-substitution of a new debtor (expromissio or delegatio), of a new creditor (cessio nominum vel actionum), or of a new
contract
 . In
English
  law the
term
  (though it occurs as early as Bracton) is scarcely naturalized, the substitution of a new debtor or creditor being generally called an assignment, and of a new
contract
  a merger. It is doubtful, however, whether merger applies except where the substituted contract is one of a higher nature, as where a contract under seal supersedes a simple contract. Where one contract is replaced by another, it is of course necessary that the new contract should be a valid contract, founded upon sufficient consideration (see CONTRACT). The extinction of the previous contract is sufficient consideration. The question whether there is a novation most frequently arises in the course of dealing between a customer and a new partnership, and on the assignment of the business of a
life
  assurance
company
  with reference to the assent of the policyholders to the
transfer
  of their policies. The points on which novation turns are whether the new firm or
company
  has assumed the liability of the old, and whether, the creditor has consented to accept the liability of the new debtors and discharge the old. The question is one of fact in each
case
 . See especially the
Life
  Assurance Companies Act 1872, s. 7, where the word " novations " occurs in the marginal
note
  to the
section
 , and so has quasi-statutory sanction. Scots law seems to be more stringent than
English
  law in the application of the
doctrine
  of novation, and to need stronger evidence of the creditor's consent to the
transfer
  of liability. In American law, as in English, the term is something of a novelty, except in Louisiana, where much of the civil law is retained.


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