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Encyclopedia Britannica



NORWEGIAN SEA

This article appears in Volume V19, Page 818 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NEW-NUM
NORWEGIAN SEA , the sea enclosed between Norway, the
Shetland
  and Faeroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Spitsbergen and
Bear
 
Island
 . Its basin is bounded on the E. by the Spitsbergen platform, the continental shelf of the
Barents
  Sea and the
Norwegian
 
coast
 : on the S. and S.W. by the North Sea, the Wyville-Thomson
ridge
 , the Faeroe-Iceland
ridge
  and the Iceland-Greenland ridge; on the W. by the
coast
  of Greenland and on the N., so far as is known, by a ridge extending from Greenland to Spitsbergen. The
Norwegian
  Sea is thus placed between the basins of the Atlantic on the one side and of the Arctic Ocean on the other: the mean depth of the submarine ridge separating it from the former being about 300 fathoms, and from the latter probably about 400 fathoms. The basin itself consists of a
series
  of deeps, separated from one another by transverse ridges. Nansen and Helland-Hansen give the following results of measurements of the area:
Area of surface .
Water area at 60o metres
I000
2000
3000
Volume
Mean depth
The Norwegian Sea forms the meeting-place of waters coming from the Atlantic and Arctic oceans, and it also receives coastal waters from the North Sea and connecting areas, and from the
Barents
  Sea. As communication with other basins is cut off comparatively near the surface, the inflow and outflow of waters must take place entirely in the upper strata, and the isolated water in the deep basin has typical physical characters of its own.
The distribution and circulation of these waters are of
great
  complexity, and have formed the subject of study by oceanographers since the region was first opened up by the Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition, 1876-1878. Much fresh light has been thrown on the subject by the
work
  of the International Council for the study of the sea, and more particularly by the Norwegian investigators Nansen and Helland-Hansen, whose report on Norwegian Fishery and Marine Investigations (vol. ii. No. 2, 1909) contains a complete survey of present knowledge. (H. N. D.)


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