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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NEW-NUM |
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NIGHTSHADE , a general term for the genus of plants known to botanists as Solanum. The species to which the name of nightshade is commonly given in England is Solanum Dulcamara which is also called bittersweet or woody nightshade (see fig. I). It is a common plant in damp
flowers
potato
'Poets and novelists are apt to command at will the song of this bird, irrespective of season. If the appearance of truth is to be regarded, it is dangerous to introduce a nightingale as singing in England before the 15th of April or after the 15th of June. The " early nightingale " of newspaper paragraphs is generally a thrush.much smaller. The flower clusters spring from the stems at the side of, or opposite to, the insertion of a leaf. The corolla is rotate, of a lilac
cone
flowers
2 potato
cut across, enlarged; 4, seed, much enlarged. communicating the spores to the potato if not removed from the hedges of the fields where potatoes are grown. The plant derives its names of " bittersweet " and Dulcamara from the fact that its taste is at first bitter and then sweet. It is a native of Europe, North Africa and temper-ate Asia, and has been introduced into North America. The dried young
Dulcamara contains a bitter principle yielding by decomposition a sugar dextrose and the alkaloid solanine. It also contains another glucoside dulcamarin, which when boiled with dilute acid splits up into sugar and dulcamaretin. Solanine appears to exert a depressant action on the vagus nerve and 2, corolla, with stamens, cut open and flattened, Solanum Duleag nat. size; 3, cross section of ovary, much differs from S. white enlarged. mares in having white flowers in small umbels and globose black berries. It is a common weed in gardens and waste places, growing about 12 or 18 in. high, and has ovate, entire or sinuate or toothed leaves. Two varieties of the plant, one with red and the other with yellow berries, are sometimes met with, but are comparatively rare. The berries have been known to produce poisonous effects when eaten by children, and owe their properties to the presence of solanine. In Reunion and Mauritius the leaves are eaten like spinach. Deadly nightshade, dwale or belladonna (Atropa belladonna) is a tall bushy herb of the same natural order (fig. 2). It grows to a height of 4 or 5 ft., having leaves of a dull green colour, with a black shining berry
The name nightshade is applied to plants of different genera in other countries. American nightshade is Piiytolacca decandra (poke-weed, q.v.). The three-leaved nightshade is an American species of Trillium. The Malabar nightshade is Basella, which is widely used as a pot-herb in India. Enchanter's nightshade is Circaea lutetiana, a small, glandular, softly-hairy plant, common in damp
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