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Encyclopedia Britannica



NICANDER (2nd cent. B.C.)

This article appears in Volume V19, Page 642 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NEW-NUM
NICANDER (2nd cent. B.C.) ,
Greek
  poet, physician and grammarian, was born at Claros, near
Colophon
 , where his family held the hereditary priesthood of Apollo. He flourished under Attalus III. of Pergamum. He wrote a number of works both in
prose
  and verse, of which two are preserved. The longest, Tkeriaca, is an
hexameter
  poem (958 lines) on the nature of venomous animals and the wounds which they inflict. The other, Alexipharmaca, consists of 63o hexameters treating of poisons and their antidotes. In his facts
Nicander
  followed the physician Apollodorus. Among his lost works may be mentioned: Aetolica, a
prose
  history of Aetolia; Heteroeumena, a mythological epic, used by
Ovid
  in the Metamorphoses and epitomized by Antoninus Liberalis; Georgica and Melissourgica, of which considerable fragments are preserved, said to have been imitated by Virgil (Quintilian x. 1. 56). The works of
Nicander
  were praised by Cicero (De oratore, i. 16), imitated by
Ovid
 , and frequently quoted by Pliny and other writers. His reputation does not seem justified; his works, as
Plutarch
  says (De audiendis poetis, 16), have nothing poetical about them except the metre, and the style is bombastic and obscure; but they contain some interesting information as to ancient belief on the subjects treated.
Editions.J. G. Schneider (1792, 1816); O. Schneider (1856) (with the Scholia) ; H. Klauser, " De Dicendi Genere Nicandri " (Dissertations Philologicae Vindobonenses, vi. 1898).
The Scholia (from the Gottingen MS.) have been edited by G. Wentzel in Abhandlungen der k. Gesellschaft der Wiss. zu Gottingen,' xxxviii. (1892). See also W. Vollgraff, Nikander and Ovid (
Groningen
 , 1909 foil.).


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