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Encyclopedia Britannica

NEW GRANADA (Span. Nueva Granada)

This article appears in Volume V19, Page 486 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NAN-NEW

NEW GRANADA (Span. Nueva Granada) , the title under Spanish colonial administration of that part of

South

SOUTH
SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

America now known as the republic of

Colombia

COLOMBIA

, which at one time was extended to include

Venezuela

VENEZUELA

and

Ecuador

ECUADOR (officially La Republica del Ecuador)

. It also was for a time the title of the united territories of Panama and

Colombia

COLOMBIA

under republican auspices. The Bogota

plateau

, then inhabited by a partly civilized Indian nation known to the Spaniards as Chibchas, or Muyscas (the second name seems to have been applied to them through a misunderstanding, the word meaning " men "), was invaded from the Caribbean

coast

COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

and conquered in 1537 by Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada, who, in honour of his native province, called it the " Nuevo Reino de Granada." The title at first applied only to the

plateau

regions of Colombia, as the

coast

COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

provinces had been previously occupied and named. In 1550 an audiencia real under the viceroyalty of Peru was established at Santa Fe (Bogota), but in 1564 this isolated group of Spanish settlements was transformed into a presidency. In 1718, owing to the unmanageable size of the viceroyalty of Peru, it was divided and a new viceroyalty was created from' the various provinces lying in the north-western angle of the continent, extending from Tumbez northward to the northern limits of Panama, and eastward to the Orinoco, to which the name of Nueva Granada was given. The first viceroy was Pedroza y Guerrero, but his successor, Jorge Villalonga, resumed the title of president, and it was not until 1739 that the title of viceroy was definitely established. The new viceroyalty included the provinces of Tierra Firma (now the republic of Panama); Maracaibo, Caracas,

Cumana

CUMANA

and Guyana (now included in

Venezuela

VENEZUELA

); Cartagena, Santa Marta, Rio Hacha, Antioquia, Pamplona, Socorfo, Tunja, Santa Fe, Neiva, Mariquita, Popayan and Pasto (now included in Colombia); and Quito, Cuenca and

Guayaquil

GUAYAQUIL, or SANTIAGO DE GUAYAQUIL

(now included in

Ecuador

ECUADOR (officially La Republica del Ecuador)

). In 1777 the provinces of Maracaibo, Caracas,

Cumana

CUMANA

and Guyana were detached from the viceroyalty to form the captaincy-general of Caracas; otherwise it remained as above until the termination of Spanish

rule

RULE

South

SOUTH
SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

America.
For the republic of Colombia (1819-1830), the republic of New Granada (1831-1861), the United States of Colombia (1861-1886), and the republic of Colombia (1886 to date), see COLOMBIA.

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