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Encyclopedia Britannica



NEUSTRIA

This article appears in Volume V19, Page 441 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NAN-NEW
NEUSTRIA , the old name given to the western kingdom of the
Franks
 , as opposed to the eastern kingdom, Austrasia (q.v.). The most ancient form of the word is Niuster, from niust, which would make the word signify the " most
recent
  " con-quests of the
Franks
 . The word Neustria does not appear as early as the Historia Francorum of Gregory of Tours, but is found for the first time in Fredegarius. The kingdom of Chilperic was retrospectively given this name, and in contemporary usage it was given to the kingdom of Clovis II., as opposed to that of
Sigebert
  III., the two sons of Dagobert; and after that, the princes reigning in the West were called kings of Neustria, and those reigning in the
East
 , kings of Austrasia. Under the new Carolingian dynasty, Pippin and Charlemagne restored the unity of the Frankish
realm
 , and then the word Neustria was restricted to the
district
  between the Loire and the Seine, together with part of the diocese of Rouen north of the Seine; while Austrasiacomprised only the Frankish dominions beyond the Rhine, perhaps with the addition of the three cities of Mainz, Worms and Spires on the left bank. The districts between Neustria and Austrasia were called Media
Francia
  or simply
Francia
 . In 843 Brittany took from Neustria the countships of
Rennes
  and Nantes; and gradually the
term
  Neustria came to be restricted to the
district
  which was later called Normandy, Dudo of Saint Quentin, who flourished about the year 1000, gives the name Neustria to the lands ceded to Rollo and his followers during the loth century. In the year 1663, the Pere de Moustier gave to his
work
  on the churches and abbeys of Normandy the title of Neustria pia.
At the time of Charlemagne, Lombardy was divided into five provinces: Neustria, Austrasia, Aemilia, Littoraria marls and Tuscia. Austrasia was the name given to eastern Lombardy, and Neustria that given to western Lombardy, the part last occupied by the Lombards.
See F. Bourquelet, " Sens des mots France et Neustrie sous le regime merovingien," in the Bibliotheque de l'ecole des chartes, xxvi. 566-574; Longnon, Atlas historique de la France, both atlas and text. (C. PF.)


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