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Encyclopedia Britannica



NEUSS

This article appears in Volume V19, Page 440 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NAN-NEW
NEUSS , a town of Germany, in the Prussian Rhine province, lies 4 M. to the W. of Dusseldorf and 11 m. from the W. bank of the Rhine, with which it is connected by the Erft canal. It lies at the junction of lines to Cologne,
Viersen
 , Zevenaar (Holland), Diisseldorf, Duren and Rheydt. Pop. (19o5) 30,494, of whom 95% were Catholics. The
chief
  building in the town is the church of St Quirinus, a remarkably fine example of the transition from the Round to the Pointed style; and there are six other Roman Catholic churches, two
Protestant
  churches and a gymnasium, which contains a collection of Roman antiquities. The town
hall
  was built in the 17th and altered in the 18th century. The old fortifications are now laid out as a
promenade
  encircling the town. Neuss produces oil and
meal
 , and also manufactures woollen stuffs, chemicals and
paper
 , bricks and iron-ware. Its markets for cereals are among the most important in Prussia, and it is also the centre of a brisk trade in cattle, coals, building materials and the products of its various manufactories.
Neuss, the Novaesium of the Romans, frequently mentioned by Tacitus, formerly lay close to the Rhine, and was the natural centre of the
district
  of which Dusseldorf has become the
chief
  town. Drusus, brother of the emperor Tiberius, threw a bridge across the Rhine here, and his name is preserved in the Drusustor, the lower half of which is of Roman masonry. In 1474-1475 Charles the Bold of
Burgundy
  besieged the town in vain for eleven months, during which he lost ,o,000 men; but it was taken and sacked by Alexander Farnese in 1586. Since 1887 extensive excavations have been made of the foundations of a huge Roman camp, and many valuable Roman treasures have
been unearthed.
See C. Tucking, Geschichte der Stadt Neuss (Diisseldorf, 1891) ; F. Schmitz, Der, Neusser Krieg, 14741475 (Bonn, 1896); W. Effmann, Die St Quirinus Kirche zu Neuss (Dusseldorf, 189o); and Band xx. of the Chroniken der deutschen Stadte.


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