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Encyclopedia Britannica



NERVE CELLS

This article appears in Volume V19, Page 401 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NAN-NEW
NERVE CELLS are unipolar, bipolar or multi-polar. Unipolar cells are found in the ganglia on the posterior roots of the spinal nerves, and only give off an axon or
axis
  cylinder process; this, however, soon divides in a T-shaped manner, and all these cells were originally bipolar, though the cell has grown away from its two axons (or, as they are often regarded, axon and dendrite), leaving a stalk joining it to them at right angles. Bipolar cells are found as an embryonic stage of unipolar, though in fish they persist in the spinal ganglia throughout
life
 . They are also some-times found in the sympathetic ganglia. Multi-polar cells are found in the brain and cord, and are best studied in the anterior horns of the grey matter of the latter, where they are nearly visible
Cunningham's Text- to the naked eye (see fig. 2). Of their many
Book
  of Anatomy. processes only one is an axon, and it becomes
fibre from a
Frog
 . other
fibres
  are called dendrites, and break up
(After v.
Kolliker
 .) Into delicate branches some of which surround,
but, it is generally believed, are not actually
continuous with, neighbouring cells or their processes. It is known
that the axons are made up of delicate fibrils, and it is thought
by some observers that there is actual continuity between some
of these and those of an adjacent neuron, as the combination
of a
nerve
 ' cell, its axon and dendrites, is called. The cells of
Purkinje in the cerebellum show a particularly
rich
  arborization of
dendrites (see BRAIN, fig. 7).
Nerve
  cells have generally a large clear
nucleus.


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