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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NAN-NEW |
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NEERWINDEN , a village
great
Battle of Neerwinden or Landen, 1693 (see GRAND ALLIANCE, WAR OF THE).Luxemburg, having by feints induced William to detach portions of his army, rapidly drew together superior numbers in face of the Allied camps, which lay in a roughsemicircle from Elissem on the right to Neerlanden, and thence along the Landen brook on the left (July 18-28, 1693). William had no mind to retire over the Geete river, and en-trenched a strong line from Laer through Neerwinden to Neerlanden. On the right section of this line (Laer to Neerwinden) the ground was much intersected and gave plenty of cover for both sides, and this section, being regarded as the key of the position, was strongly garrisoned; in the centre the open ground between Neerwinden and Neerlanden was solidly en-trenched, and in front of it Rumsdorp was held as an advanced post. The left at Neerlanden rested upon the Landen brook and was difficult of access. William's right, as his line of retreat lay over the Geete, was his dangerous flank, and Luxemburg was aware that, the front of the Allies being somewhat long for the numbers defending it, the intervention of troops drawn
late
economy
Napoleon
Emery Walter. su the Allied centre and left from assisting the right. Luxemburg had about 8o,000 men to William's 50,000. Opposite the entrenchments of the centre he drew up nearly the whole o~ his cavalry in six lines, with two lines of infantry intercalated. A corps of infantry and dragoons was told off for the attack of Neerlanden and Rumsdorp, and the troops destined for the main attack, 28,000 of all arms, formed up in heavy masses opposite Neerwinden. This proportion of about one-third of the whole force to be employed in the decisive attack in the event proved insufficient. The troops opposite the Allied centre and left had to act with the greatest energy to fulfil their containing mission, and at Laer-Neerwinden the eventual success of the attack was bought only at the price of the utter exhaustion of the troops. After a long cannonade the French columns moved to the attack, converging on Neerwinden; a smaller force assaulted Laer. The edge of the villages was carried, but in the interior a murderous struggle began, every foot of ground being contested, and after a time William himself, leading a heavy counter-attack, expelled the assailants from both villages. A second attack, pushed with the same energy, was met with the same determination, and meanwhile the French in other parts of the field had pressed their demonstrations home . Even the six lines of cavalry in the centre, after enduring the fire of the Allies for many hours, trotted over the open and up to the entrenchments to meet with certain defeat, and at Neerlanden and Rumsdorp there wassevere hand to hand fighting. But, meantime, the two intact botanists. His best-known works are those that deal with the lines of infantry in the French centre had been moved to their left and formed the nucleus for the last great
body
retreat over the Geete. A stubborn rearguard of British troops led by 'William himself alone saved the Allied army, of which all but the left wing was fought out and in disorder. Luxemburg had won his greatest victory, thanks in a measure to Feuquieres' exploit; but had the assaults on Neerwinden been madeas Napoleon
The battle of the 18th March 1793 marked the end of Dumouriez's attempt to overrun the Low Countries and the beginning of the Allies' invasion of France. The Austrians under Coburg, advancing from Maestricht in the direction of Brussels, encountered the heads of the hurriedly assembling French army at Tirlemont on the 15th of- March, and took up a position between Neerwinden and Neerlanden. On the 18th, however, after a little preliminary fighting Coburg drew back a short distance and rearranged his army on a more extended front between Racour and Dormael, thus parrying the enveloping movement
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